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DK Encyclopedia: Science & Technology

SCIENCE
WHAT DO SCIENTISTS DO?
WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC METHOD?
WHY DO SCIENTISTS PERFORM EXPERIMENTS?
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TECHNOLOGY
HOW ARE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LINKED?
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MATHEMATICS
WHAT ARE MATHEMATICAL MODELS?
WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC NOTATION?
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MEASUREMENTS
WHAT IS A MEASUREMENT SCALE?
WHO MADE THE FIRST MEASUREMENTS?
HOW ARE MEASUREMENT UNITS FIXED?
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MATTER
WHERE DOES MATTER COME FROM?
WHAT ARE STATES OF MATTER?
WHAT ARE FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES?
MASS
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ATOMS
HOW BIG IS AN ATOM?
WHAT’S INSIDE AN ATOM?
HOW CAN ATOMS BE SPLIT?
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
MOLECULES
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TIME
HOW DO WE MEASURE TIME?
DOES TIME BEGIN AND END?
BIOGRAPHY: ALBERT EINSTEIN German, 1879–1955
RELATIVITY
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QUANTUM THEORY
WHAT IS A QUANTUM?
WHY IS QUANTUM THEORY SO STRANGE?
HOW DO SCIENTISTS USE QUANTUM THEORY?
BIOGRAPHY: MAX PLANCK German, 1858–1947
QUANTUM LEAP
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ELEMENTS
HOW MANY ELEMENTS ARE THERE?
WHICH ARE THE MOST COMMON ELEMENTS?
METALS
PERIODIC TABLE
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CHEMISTRY
WHAT IS A CHEMICAL?
WHAT ARE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES?
WHY ARE SOME CHEMICALS DANGEROUS?
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
BIOCHEMISTRY
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PHYSICS
WHAT DO PHYSICISTS STUDY?
WHAT ARE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES?
HOW DO PHYSICISTS WORK?
BIOGRAPHY: SIR ISAAC NEWTON English, 1642–1727
EQUATIONS
APPLIED PHYSICS
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FORCES
WHAT CAN FORCES DO?
HOW CAN YOU MEASURE A FORCE?
WHAT ARE BALANCED FORCES?
GRAVITY
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MOTION
WHAT IS ACCELERATION?
HOW IS SPEED MEASURED?
FRICTION
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ENERGY
WHAT FORMS CAN ENERGY TAKE?
HOW DOES ENERGY CHANGE FORM?
DOES ENERGY GET USED UP?
KINETIC
JOULES
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NUCLEAR ENERGY
WHAT ARE FUSION AND FISSION?
HOW IS A NUCLEAR REACTION CONTROLLED?
RADIOACTIVITY
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HEAT
HOW DOES HEAT FLOW?
WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF HEAT TRANSFER?
CAN WE SEE HEAT?
TEMPERATURE
THERMOMETERS
THERMAL INSULATORS
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MATERIALS
WHAT ARE MATERIALS’ PROPERTIES?
HOW STRONG IS A SPIDERWEB?
HOW ARE MATERIALS USED?
SYNTHETICS
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CHANGING MATERIALS
HOW DO CHEMICAL REACTIONS CHANGE MATERIALS?
RUSTING IRON
WHAT MAKES GLUE STICK?
HOW DOES HEAT CHANGE MATERIALS?
REVERSIBLE CHANGES
PERMANENT CHANGES
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MIXTURES
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A MIXTURE AND A COMPOUND?
DO SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES MIX?
WHY IS IT EASIER TO MIX THAN TO SEPARATE?
SOLUTION
DIFFUSION
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SEPARATING MIXTURES
HOW CAN SOLIDS BE SEPARATED?
HOW DOES DISTILLATION WORK?
HOW ARE GASES SEPARATED?
FILTRATION
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ALLOYS
ARE ALLOYS STRONGER THAN PURE METALS?
DO ALLOYS MELT EASILY?
WHO FIRST USED ALLOYS?
SOLDER
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NEW MATERIALS
HOW ARE NEW MATERIALS MADE?
WHAT PROPERTIES SHOULD NEW MATERIALS HAVE?
WHY IS CARBON FIBER SO STRONG?
SMART MATERIALS
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SOUND
HOW ARE SOUNDS MADE?
HOW DO MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS MAKE MUSIC?
WHY ARE SOUNDS DIFFERENT?
WHAT IS RESONANCE?
SOUND FREQUENCY
SOUND WAVES
DIGITAL SOUND
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LIGHT
WHAT IS LIGHT?
HOW DOES LIGHT TRAVEL?
WHAT ARE SHADOWS?
WHAT MAKES SOME MATERIALS OPAQUE?
REFLECTION
REFRACTION
LASER
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COLOR
WHAT IS THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM?
WHAT ARE PRIMARY COLORS?
HOW MANY COLORS CAN WE SEE?
DISPERSION
COLOR TREE
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LENSES
WHAT DOES A LENS DO?
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A MICROSCOPE AND A TELESCOPE?
CONVEX LENS
CONCAVE LENS
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ELECTRICITY
WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?
HOW MANY FORMS OF ELECTRICITY ARE THERE?
HOW DO MATERIALS BECOME CHARGED?
ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION
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MAGNETISM
WHAT ARE MAGNETIC POLES?
WHAT ARE MAGNETIC MATERIALS?
HOW DOES A MAGNETIC COMPASS WORK?
MAGNETIC DOMAINS
MAGNETIC FIELD
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CIRCUITS
WHAT IS AN ELECTRIC CURRENT?
WHEN DOES CURRENT FLOW IN A CIRCUIT?
WHAT MAKES CURRENT FLOW IN A CIRCUIT?
BATTERY
COMPONENTS
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ELECTROMAGNETISM
HOW DOES ELECTRICITY CREATE MAGNETISM?
HOW DOES MAGNETISM PRODUCE ELECTRICITY?
WHAT DO GENERATORS DO?
ELECTRIC MOTORS
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ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
HOW ARE MOST GENERATORS POWERED?
WHAT IS THE POWER GRID?
WHAT IS ALTERNATING CURRENT?
POWER GRID
POWER STATIONS
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ELECTRONICS
WHAT IS AN ELECTRIC SIGNAL?
WHAT ARE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS?
WHAT IS A TRANSISTOR?
SEMICONDUCTORS
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MICROCHIPS
WHAT DO MICROCHIPS DO?
HOW ARE MICROCHIPS MADE?
WHAT IS BINARY CODE?
LOGIC GATES
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COMPUTERS
WHAT IS MEMORY?
WHAT IS A MICROPROCESSOR?
HOW IS VIRTUAL REALITY CREATED?
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INTERNET
HOW DOES THE INTERNET WORK?
WHAT IS THE WORLD WIDE WEB?
WHAT IS HYPERTEXT?
BIOGRAPHY: TIM BERNERS LEE British, 1955- MARC ANDREESSEN American, 1971-
SEARCH ENGINES
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NETWORKS
WHAT IS THE TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM?
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TELECOMMUNICATIONS
COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE
HOW DOES A TELEPHONE WORK?
HOW DOES A RADIO WORK?
HOW DOES A TELEVISION WORK?
HOW DOES A CELL PHONE WORK?
BIOGRAPHY: GUGLIELMO MARCONI Italian, 1874-1937
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
DIGITAL BROADCASTS
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ROBOTS
WHAT CAN ROBOTS DO?
HOW DO ROBOTS SENSE?
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
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NANOTECHNOLOGY
WHAT IS A NANOMACHINE?
WHAT IS SELF-ASSEMBLY?
ARE THERE ANY DANGERS ASSOCIATED WITH NANOTECHNOLOGY?
CARBON COMPUTER
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MACHINES
WHAT IS MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE?
HOW IS A MACHINE’S EFFICIENCY MEASURED?
LEVERS
PULLEYS
INCLINED PLANES
GEARS
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ENGINES
WHAT IS A HEAT ENGINE?
WHAT IS AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE?
HOW DOES A STEAM ENGINE WORK?
HOW DOES A JET ENGINE WORK?
GASOLINE ENGINE
BIOGRAPHY: FRANK WHITTLE English, 1907-1996
TURBINES
FUEL CONSUMPTION
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TRANSPORTATION
WHAT IS A TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM?
HOW EFFICIENT ARE DIFFERENT FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION?
WHAT IS A SCIENTIST’S ROLE IN TRANSPORTATION?
HOW ARE AIRCRAFT CONTROLLED IN THE AIR?
CONGESTION
FREIGHT
ROAD SAFETY
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CONSTRUCTION
WHAT DOES AN ARCHITECT DO?
HOW ARE BUILDING MATERIALS CHOSEN?
HOW IS A ROAD BUILT?
MODULAR CONSTRUCTION
ENGINEERING
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INDUSTRY
WHAT ARE PRIMARY INDUSTRIES?
WHERE ARE INDUSTRIES LOCATED?
WHAT IS A COTTAGE INDUSTRY?
RAW MATERIALS
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MANUFACTURING
WHERE DO NEW PRODUCTS COME FROM?
WHAT IS MASS PRODUCTION?
BIOGRAPHY: HENRY FORD American, 1863–1947
PRODUCTION LINE
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CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
WHAT DOES A CHEMICAL PLANT DO?
HOW ARE ACIDS AND ALKALIS USED?
DRILLING FOR OIL
OIL REFINERY
AGROCHEMICALS
PHARMACEUTICALS
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BIOTECHNOLOGY
HOW DO WE USE MICROBES?
WHAT ARE ANTIBIOTICS?
BIOGRAPHY: SIR ALEXANDER FLEMING Scottish, 1881-1955
FERMENTATION
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GENETICS
WHAT IS THE GENETIC CODE?
WHAT IS A GENOME?
BIOGRAPHY: FRANCIS CRICK English, 1916- JAMES WATSON American, 1928-
HUMAN GENOME PROJECT
DNA FINGERPRINT
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GENETIC ENGINEERING
WHAT IS GENETIC VARIATION?
HOW CAN WE MANIPULATE GENES?
GM FOOD
CLONES
STEM CELLS
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Copyright © 2007 Dorling Kindersley
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