Parts of Speech: Pronouns: Pinch Hitters

Pronouns: Pinch Hitters

Say you wrote this sentence:

• Mr. Hufnagle gave Mr. Hufnagle's pen to Mr. Hufnagle's wife, Mrs. Hufnagle; Mrs. Hufnagle was grateful for the pen.

You would be reduced to this sorry state were it not for the delightful and ever useful little pronoun. Thanks to Mr. Pronoun, you can write this graceful sentence instead:

• Mr. Hufnagle gave his pen to his wife, Mrs. Hufnagle; she was grateful for it.

Now, I know you have to agree that the pronoun is a thing of beauty indeed.

A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or another pronoun. Pronouns help you avoid unnecessary repetition in your writing and speech.

A pronoun gets its meaning from the noun it stands for. The noun is called the antecedent. Here's an example:

Although Seattle is damp,	it is my favorite city.
antecedent	pronoun

Of course, there are different kinds of pronouns. Most of them have antecedents, but a few do not. Meet the pronoun family.

1. Personal pronouns refer to a specific person, place, object, or thing. Here are the major players:

   	Singular	Plural
   First person	I, me, mine, my	we, us, our, ours
   Second person	you, your, yours	you, your, yours
   Third person her, hers, it	he, him, his, she, theirs, its	they, them, their,

2. Possessive pronouns show ownership. The possessive pronouns are yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs, whose.
   • Is this nice dead cat yours?
   • Yes, it's ours.
3. Reflexive pronouns add information to a sentence by pointing back to a noun or pronoun near the beginning of the sentence. Reflexive pronouns end in -self or -selves.
   • Herman bought himself a life-size inflatable woman.
   • They all enjoyed themselves at Herman's expense.
4. Intensive pronouns also end in -self or -selves, but they just add emphasis to the noun or pronoun.
   • Herman himself blew up the doll.
   • Herman said that he would be able to deflate the doll himself.
5. Demonstrative pronouns direct attention to a specific person, place, or thing. Not to panic—there are only four demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, and those.
   • This is the invisible car that came out of nowhere, struck my car, and vanished.
   • That was the slow-moving, sad-faced old gentleman who bounced off the roof of my car.
6. Relative pronouns begin a subordinate clause. Only five, folks: that, which, who, whom, and those.
   • Mr. Peepers claimed that the other car collided with his without giving warning of its intention.
   • Louise was the driver who had to swerve a number of times before she hit the other car.
7. Interrogative pronouns ask a question. High fives: what, which, who, whom, and whose.
   • Who claimed he was coming home when he drove into the wrong house and collided with a tree he doesn't have?
   • Which insurance adjuster had these headaches?
8. Indefinite pronouns refer to people, places, objects, or things without pointing to a specific one.
   • Here are the most common indefinite pronouns:

   Singular	Plural	Singular or Plural
   another	both	all
   anyone	few	any
   each	many	more
   everyone	others	most
   everybody	several	none
   everything		some
   much
   nobody
   nothing
   other
   someone
   anybody
   anything
   either
   little
   neither
   no one
   one
   somebody
   something

Face the Music

Circle the pronouns in the following jokes. The number of pronouns in each joke is indicated in parentheses at the end of each one. The same pronoun may be used more than once in each sentence.