Longyearbyen [key], town and administrative center of Svalbard, on Isfjorden, Spitsbergen island. It was founded (1905) as a coal-mining settlement by an American company and named after the American miner J. M. Longyear. Its coal mines were transferred to a Norwegian company in 1916. The town was destroyed (Sept., 1943) by German battleships but was quickly rebuilt; coal mining remains signifcant, but tourism is increasingly important. The Svalbard International Seed Vault, a seed bank designed as a global backup storage facility, is inside a mountain near the town.
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