oil industry

oil industry, the business of discovering oil (petroleum), extracting it from the ground, refining it into a variety of products, and distributing it to the public. The development of the oil industry in the 19th and 20th cent. provided a source of energy that now supplies about two fifths of the world's energy needs as well as a raw material that chemical and petroleum industries refine into a number of essential chemicals and industrial products.

Sections in this article:

• Introduction
• Late-Twentieth-Century and Early-Twenty-First-Century Developments
• Development of the Modern Industry
• Early History
• Bibliography

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