| Country | Name | Reign |
|---|
| Argentina | President Isabelita Perón | 1974-1976 |
| Lesser Armenia | Queen Zabel | 1219-1226 |
| Bangladesh | Khaleda Zia | 1991-1996 |
| Bermuda | Premier Pamela Gordon | 1997-1998 |
| Bermuda | Premier Jennifer Smith | 1998-present |
| Bolivia | Prime Minister Lidia Gueiler | 1979-1980 |
| Burundi | Prime Minister Sylvie Kinigi | 1993-1994 |
| Byzantium (Roman Empire) | Empress Theodora | 1055-1056 |
| Cambodia | Queen Kossamak (joint ruler) | 1955-1960 |
| Canada | Prime Minister Kim Campbell | 1993 (4 months) |
| Central African Republic | Prime Minister Elizabeth Domitien | 1974-1976 |
| China | Empress Wu Chao | 655-705 |
| China | Empress Tsu-Hsi | 1875-1879 |
| China | Empress Tsu-Hsi | 1898-1908 |
| Dominica | Prime Minister Mary Eugenia Charles | 1980-1995 |
| Denmark | Queen Margaret | 1387-1412 |
| Denmark | Queen Margrethe II | 1972-present |
| Egypt | Queen Hatshepsut | 1501-1498 b.c. |
| Egypt | Queen Eje | 1351-1350 b.c. |
| Egypt | Queen Arsinoe II (joint ruler) | 279-270 b.c. |
| Egypt | Queen Berenice | 81-80 b.c. |
| Egypt | Queen Cleopatra VII | 51-50 b.c. |
| Ethiopia | Empress Waizero | 1916-1930 |
| France | Prime Minister Edith Cresson | 1991-1992 |
| Great Britain | Queen Jane (Lady Jane Grey) | 1553 (9 days) |
| Great Britain | Queen Mary I | 1553-1558 |
| Great Britain | Queen Elizabeth I | 1558-1603 |
| Great Britain | Queen Mary II (joint ruler) | 1689-1702 |
| Great Britain | Queen Anne | 1702-1714 |
| Great Britain | Queen Victoria | 1837-1901 |
| Great Britain | Queen Elizabeth II | 1952-present |
| Great Britain | Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher | 1979-1990 |
| Guyana | President Janet Jagan | 1997-present |
| Haiti | Provisional President Erita Pascal-Trouillot | 1990 |
| Haiti | Prime Minister Claudette Werleigh | 1995-1996 |
| Hungary | Queen Mary | 1382-1387 |
| Hungary | Queen Elizabeth | 1439-1440 |
| Hungary | Queen Maria Theresa | 1740-1780 |
| Iceland | President Vigdis Finnbogadóttir | 1980-1996 |
| India | Prime Minister Indira Gandhi | 1966-1977 |
| India | Prime Minister Indira Gandhi | 1980-1984 |
| Ireland | President Mary Robinson | 1990-1997 |
| Ireland | President Mary McAleese | 1997-present |
| Israel and Judah | Queen Athaliah | 842-837 b.c. |
| Israel and Judah | Prime Minister Golda Meir | 1969-1974 |
| Italy | Queen Theodelinda | 590 |
| Italy | Queen Joanna I of Naples | 1343-1381 |
| Italy | Queen Maria of Sicily | 1377-1402 |
| Italy | Queen Joanna II of Naples | 1414-1435 |
| Japan | Empress Suiko Tenno | 593-628 |
| Japan | Empress Kogyoku | 642-645 |
| Japan | Empress Jito | 686-697 |
| Japan | Empress Gemmyo | 703-724 |
| Japan | Empress Koken (abdicated) | 749-758 |
| Japan | Empress Shotuku-Koken | 764-770 |
| Lithuania | Prime Minister Kazimicra Prunskiene | 1990-1992 |
| Madagascar | Queen Ranavalona I | 1828-1861 |
| Madagascar | Queen Rasoaherina | 1863-1868 |
| Madagascar | Queen Ranavalona II | 1868-1883 |
| Madagascar | Queen Ranavalona III (deposed) | 1883-1896 |
| Netherlands | Queen Wilhelmina (abdicated) | 1890-1948 |
| Netherlands | Queen Juliana | 1948-1980 |
| Netherlands | Queen Beatrix | 1980-present |
| New Zealand | Prime Minister Jenny Shipley | 1997-present |
| Nicaragua | President Maria Liberia Peres | 1984-1985 |
| Nicaragua | President Violeta Barriosde Chamorro | 1990-1997 |
| Norway | Queen Margaret | 1387-1412 |
| Norway | Prime Minister Groharlem Brundtlandt | 1981 and 1986 |
| Pakistan | Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto | 1988-1990, 1993-1996 |
| Philippines | Maria Corazon Aquino | 1986-1992 |
| Poland | Queen Hedwige | 1384-1399 |
| Poland | Prime Minister Hanna Suchocka | 1992-1993 |
| Portugal | Queen Maria I | 1777-1816 |
| Portugal | Queen Maria II | 1826-1828 |
| Portugal | Queen Maria III | 1834-1853 |
| Portugal | Prime Minister Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo | 1979 (149 days) |
| Roman Empire | Empress Irene | 797-802 |
| Russia | Queen Tamara | 1184-1212 |
| Russia | Empress Catherine I | 1725-1727 |
| Russia | Empress Anna Ivanovna | 1730-1740 |
| Russia | Empress Elizabeth Petrovna | 1741-1762 |
| Russia | Empress Catherine II (The Great) | 1762-1796 |
| Rwanda | Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana | 1993-1994 |
| St. Lucia | Governor-General Pearlette Louisy | 1997-present |
| Scotland | Queen Mary Stuart (executed) | 1542-1567 |
| Seminole Nation | Betty Mae Jumper | 1960-1969 |
| Spain | Queen Dona Urraca | 1109-1126 |
| Spain | Queen Juana I | 1274-1307 |
| Spain | Queen Juana II | 1328-1349 |
| Spain | Queen Dona Blanca | 1425-1441 |
| Spain | Queen Isabel I (joint ruler) | 1474-1504 |
| Spain | Queen Catalina de Albret | 1481-1512 |
| Spain | Queen Isabel II | 1833-1868 |
| Sri Lanka | Queen Anula | 47-42 b.c. |
| Sri Lanka | Queen Sivali | 35 b.c. |
| Sri Lanka | Queen Lilavati | 1197-1200 |
| Sri Lanka | Queen Kalyanavati | 1202-1208 |
| Sri Lanka | Queen Lilavati (restored) | 1209-1212 |
| Sri Lanka | Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike | 1960-1965 |
| Sri Lanka | Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike | 1970-1977 |
| Sri Lanka | President Chandrika Kumaratunga | 1994-present |
| Sweden | Queen Christina (abdicated) | 1632-1654 |
| Sweden | Queen Ulrica Eleonora (abdicated) | 1718-1720 |
| Tonga | Queen Salote Tubou III | 1918-1965 |
| Turkey | Prime Minister Tansu Çiller | 1993-1996 |
