2008 Nobel Prize Winners
Updated February 21, 2017 | Factmonster Staff 
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- Peace: Martti Ahtisaari, the former president of Finland, for "his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts"
- Physics: Yoichiro Nambu (U.S.) for "the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics" and to Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa (both Japan) for "the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"
- Medicine: Harald zur Hausen (Germany) for his discovery that the human papilloma viruses (HPV) causes cervical cancer and to Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier (both France) for their discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
- Chemistry: Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, and Roger Tsien (all U.S.) for the discovery of a glowing jellyfish protein that makes cells, tissues, and organs light up
- Literature: Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio (France), an "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"
- Economics: Paul Krugman (U.S.) for "his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity"
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