(Encyclopedia) Henry III, 1207–72, king of England (1216–72), son and successor of King John.
Henry III has suffered at the hands of many historians, in part, because of the hostility of…
(Encyclopedia) Henry III, 1551–89, king of France (1574–89); son of King Henry II and Catherine de' Medici. He succeeded his brother, Charles IX. As a leader of the royal army in the Wars of Religion…
(Encyclopedia) Frederick III or Frederick the Wise, 1463–1525, elector of Saxony (1486–1525). At Wittenberg he founded (1502) the university where Martin Luther and Melanchthon taught. At a crucial…
(Encyclopedia) James III, 1452–88, king of Scotland (1460–88), son and successor of James II. During his minority he was under the care of his mother, Mary of Guelders, and her adviser, James Kennedy…
(Encyclopedia) John III (John Sobieski)John IIIsôbyĕˈskē [key], 1624–96, king of Poland (1674–96), champion of Christian Europe against the Ottomans. Born to an ancient noble family, he was appointed…
(Encyclopedia) John III (John the Fortunate), 1502–57, king of Portugal (1521–57), son of Manuel I. His reign saw the Portuguese empire at its apogee. The great Asian possessions were extended by…
(Encyclopedia) Leopold III or Saint Leopold, c.1073–1136, margrave of Austria (1095–1136). By his marriage (1106) with Agnes, widow of Duke Frederick I of Swabia (see Hohenstaufen), he became the…
(Encyclopedia) Ladislaus III, 1424–44, king of Poland (1434–44) and, as Uladislaus I, king of Hungary (1440–44), son of Ladislaus II. He led two crusades against the Ottomans; the first (1443) was…
(Encyclopedia) Louis III, 1845–1921, last king of Bavaria (1913–18). He succeeded (1912) his father, Luitpold, as regent for the insane Otto I but proclaimed himself king in 1913. He was overthrown…
