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Toynbee, Arnold Joseph

(Encyclopedia)Toynbee, Arnold Joseph, 1889–1975, English historian; nephew of Arnold Toynbee. Educated at Oxford, he served in the British foreign office during World Wars I and II and was a delegate (1919) to th...

Toynbee, Arnold

(Encyclopedia)Toynbee, Arnold toinˈbē [key], 1852–83, English economic historian, philosopher, and reformer. After his graduation in 1878 he was a tutor at Balliol College, Oxford, and was active in reform work...

Toynbee Hall

(Encyclopedia)Toynbee Hall: see Barnett, Samuel Augustus. ...

Reed, Joseph

(Encyclopedia)Reed, Joseph, 1741–85, American Revolutionary political leader and army officer, b. Trenton, N.J. He studied law, was admitted (1763) to the bar, and then went to London to study at the Middle Templ...

Arnold, Benedict

(Encyclopedia)Arnold, Benedict, 1741–1801, American Revolutionary general and traitor, b. Norwich, Conn. As a youth he served for a time in the colonial militia in the French and Indian Wars. He later became a pr...

Arnold, Eve

(Encyclopedia)Arnold, Eve, 1912–2012, American photographer, b. Philadelphia as Eve Cohen. She moved to New York City at 28, and soon was studying photography at the New School; during this period she sold her fi...

Arnold, Matthew

(Encyclopedia)Arnold, Matthew, 1822–88, English poet and critic, son of the educator Dr. Thomas Arnold. Arnold was educated at Rugby; graduated from Balliol College, Oxford in 1844; and was a fellow of Oriel Coll...

Arnold, Thomas

(Encyclopedia)Arnold, Thomas, 1795–1842, English educator, b. Isle of Wight, educated at Winchester school and at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He was a fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, from 1815 to 1819, was o...

Geulincx, Arnold

(Encyclopedia)Geulincx, Arnold göˈlĭngks [key], 1624–69, Flemish Cartesian philosopher, b. Antwerp. One of the founders of occasionalism, his philosophy is characterized by a curious blending of rationalism an...

Houbraken, Arnold

(Encyclopedia)Houbraken, Arnold ärˈnōlt houˈbräˌkən [key], 1660–1719, Dutch painter, etcher, and author of The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters (3 vol., 1718–21), containing important biographies. His son...