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Martial

(Encyclopedia)Martial (Marcus Valerius Martialis) märˈshəl [key], c.a.d. 40–c.a.d. 104, Roman epigrammatic poet, b. Bilbilis, Spain. After a.d. 64 he lived in Rome for many years, winning fame by his wit and p...

martial arts

(Encyclopedia)martial arts, various forms of self-defense, usually weaponless, based on techniques developed in ancient China, India, and Tibet. In modern times they have come into wide use for self-protection, as ...

martial law

(Encyclopedia)martial law, temporary government and control by military authorities of a territory or state, when war or overwhelming public disturbance makes the civil authorities of the region unable to enforce i...

court-martial

(Encyclopedia)court-martial: see military law.

Lavigerie, Charles Martial Allemand

(Encyclopedia)Lavigerie, Charles Martial Allemand shärl märsēälˈ älmäNˈ lävēzhərēˈ [key], 1825–92, French churchman, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, b. near Bayonne. He was ordained in 1849 an...

military law

(Encyclopedia)military law, system of rules established for the government of persons in the armed forces. In most countries the legislature establishes the code of military law. It is distinguished from both marti...

Zia ul-Haq, Mohammad

(Encyclopedia)Zia ul-Haq, Mohammad, 1924–88, Pakistani military and political leader. Named general and chief of staff by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1976, he declared martial law in July, 1977, in response to agitati...

kendo

(Encyclopedia)kendo: martial arts.

karate

(Encyclopedia)karate: see martial arts.

aikido

(Encyclopedia)aikido: see martial arts.