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Muzaffar ad-Din

(Encyclopedia)Muzaffar ad-Din mo͞ozäf-färˈ äd-dēnˈ [key], 1853–1907, shah of Persia (1896–1907), son of Nasir ad-Din. A weak ruler, he borrowed money from Russia and failed to oppose the encroachments of...

Abulfazl

(Encyclopedia)Abulfazl äˈbo͞olfäˈzəl, əˈbo͞olfŭzˈəl [key], 1551–1602, minister of state and adviser to Akbar, Mughal emperor of India. His most renowned Persian text recounts the history of the Akbar ...

Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke

(Encyclopedia)Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke, 1810–95, English Orientalist and administrator; brother of George Rawlinson. In the course of his service with the Persian army and as consul at Baghdad, Rawlinson be...

Renault, Mary

(Encyclopedia)Renault, Mary, pseud. of Mary Challens, 1905–83, English novelist, b. London. After receiving her nursing degree in 1936, she emigrated to South Africa. She was best-known for her historical novels ...

Herat

(Encyclopedia)Herat hĕrätˈ [key], city (1984 est. pop. 161,000), capital of Herat prov., NW Afghanistan, on the Hari Rud. The fertile river valley is renowned for its fruits, especially grapes. Herat has textile...

Artaxerxes II

(Encyclopedia)Artaxerxes II, d. 358 b.c., king of ancient Persia (404–358 b.c.), son and successor of Darius II. He is sometimes called in Greek Artaxerxes Mnemon [the thoughtful]. Early in his reign Cyrus the Yo...

Northumberland Strait

(Encyclopedia)Northumberland Strait, arm of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, c.200 mi (320 km) long and from 8 to 30 mi (13–48 km) wide, separating Prince Edward Island from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The strait is ...

Onega

(Encyclopedia)Onega ōnēˈgə, ōnāˈ–, Rus. ŭnyāˈgŭ [key], river, c.260 mi (420 km) long, rising in Lake Lacha, NW European Russia, and flowing N into the Onega Gulf of the White Sea, SW of Arkhangelsk. It...

Assos

(Encyclopedia)Assos –əs [key], ancient city, Mysia, NW Asia Minor, on the Gulf of Adramyttium E of Point Lectum, westernmost point of Asia. ...

Cenchrea

(Encyclopedia)Cenchrea –krē-ēˌ [key], port of ancient Greece, on the Saronic Gulf, ESE of Corinth. It is mentioned in the New Testament. ...