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Considérant, Victor Prosper

(Encyclopedia)Considérant, Victor Prosper vēktôrˈ prōspârˈ kôNsēdāräNˈ [key], 1808–93, French socialist; follower of Charles Fourier. In 1837, at the death of Fourier, he became the acknowledged leade...

Chernyshevsky, Nikolai Gavrilovich

(Encyclopedia)Chernyshevsky, Nikolai Gavrilovich nyĭkəlīˈ gəvrēˈləvĭch chĕrnĭshĕfˈskē [key], 1828–89, Russian socialist reformer. He was the leading disciple of Vissarion Belinsky inside Russia; fro...

Enfantin, Barthélemy Prosper

(Encyclopedia)Enfantin, Barthélemy Prosper bärtālmēˈ prôspĕrˈ äNfäNtăNˈ [key], 1796–1864, French socialist, sometimes called Père Enfantin. He became a leader of the movement started by the comte de ...

Amato, Giuliano

(Encyclopedia)Amato, Giuliano, 1938–, Italian lawyer and political leader, premier of Italy (1992–93, 2000–2001), b. Turin. He has taught at several universities, including Sapienza Univ. of Rome (1975–97)....

Francis Ferdinand

(Encyclopedia)Francis Ferdinand, 1863–1914, Austrian archduke, heir apparent (after 1889) of his uncle, Emperor Francis Joseph. In 1900 he married a Czech, Sophie Chotek. She was made duchess of Hohenberg, but be...

Howe, Irving

(Encyclopedia)Howe, Irving, 1920–93, American literary and social critic, b. New York City. From his early days as a Trotskyist to his later (and lifelong) position as a democratic socialist, Howe criticized Stal...

Hess, Rudolf

(Encyclopedia)Hess, Rudolf, 1894–1987, German National Socialist leader, b. Alexandria, Egypt; son of a German merchant. In 1920 he became an ardent follower of Adolf Hitler and after the Munich “beer-hall puts...

Nesbit, E.

(Encyclopedia)Nesbit, E. (Edith Nesbit), 1858–1924, English author of children's books, adult novels, and poetry. A socialist and cofounder of the Fellowship of the New Life, out of which grew the Fabian Society,...

Kerensky, Aleksandr Feodorovich

(Encyclopedia)Kerensky, Aleksandr Feodorovich kərĕnˈskē, Rus. əlyĭksänˈdər fyôˈdərəvĭch kâˈrĭnskē [key], 1881–1970, Russian revolutionary. A lawyer, he was elected to the fourth duma in 1912 as ...

Mikołajczyk, Stanislaus

(Encyclopedia)Mikołajczyk, Stanislaus stänēsˈläs mēkôwīˈchĭk [key], 1901–66, Polish politician and leader of the Polish Peasant party. After the German conquest of Poland, he became vice premier (1941) ...