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Zr

(Encyclopedia)Zr, symbol for the element zirconium. ...

Cf

(Encyclopedia)Cf, symbol for the element californium. ...

molecular modeling

(Encyclopedia)molecular modeling, the computer simulation, by various means, of chemical structures or processes. Special computer-graphics programs can display three-dimensional images of molecular structures and ...

geochemistry

(Encyclopedia)geochemistry, study of the chemical changes on the earth. More specifically, it is the study of the absolute and relative abundances of chemical elements in the minerals, soils, ores, rocks, water, an...

Leuna

(Encyclopedia)Leuna loiˈnä [key], city (1994 pop. 8,130), Saxony-Anhalt, S central Germany. There, in 1916, the first synthetic nitrogen plant began to operate after the invention of the Haber process. The city w...

Lw

(Encyclopedia)Lw, former symbol of the element lawrencium, now Lr. ...

Mv

(Encyclopedia)Mv, former symbol of the element mendelevium, now Md. ...

determinant

(Encyclopedia)determinant, a polynomial expression that is inherent in the entries of a square matrix. The size n of the square matrix, as determined from the number of entries in any row or column, is called the o...

Bergman, Torbern Olof

(Encyclopedia)Bergman, Torbern Olof to͝orˈbərn o͞oˈlôv bĕrˈyəmän [key], 1735–84, Swedish chemist, physicist, and mineralogist. A professor at the Univ. of Uppsala from 1758, he developed a theory of che...

Jl

(Encyclopedia)Jl, formerly the suggested symbol for the element joliotium, now called dubnium. ...