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Muhammed Atef

Former al-Qaeda military leaderBorn: 1944Birthplace: Menoufya, Egypt Born Sobhi Abu Sitta, he took the name Muhammad Atef and other aliases after joining Osama bin Laden's terrorist network, al-…

El Jadida

(Encyclopedia) El Jadida El Jadida ĕl jädēˈdə [key] or Al-Jadida Al-Jadida…

Mansur, al-, d. 775, 2d Abbasid caliph

(Encyclopedia) Mansur, al-Mansur, al-äl-mäns&oobreve;rˈ [key] [Arab.,=the victorious], d. 775, 2d Abbasid caliph (754–75) and founder of the city of Baghdad. His name was in full Abu Jafar abd-…

Bedknobs and Broomsticks: Halloween Movies

by Beth Rowen In the weeks leading up to Halloween, the multiplexes often feature an array of R-rated, downright terrifying films. Rather than subject the kids to blood and gore, check out some of…

The Supreme Court: Electing Our Leaders

Electing Our LeadersThe Supreme CourtElecting Our LeadersElection Machinery That WorksRemapping DistrictsPaying for CampaignsGetting the Word OutSwitching Parties State governments have the…

Kemp, Jack French

(Encyclopedia) Kemp, Jack French, 1935–2009, American politician and government official, b. Los Angeles. He played football while at Occidental College (grad. 1957) and was a professional…

Islam Primer

The Islamic world—history, beliefs, and culture Countries with the largest Muslim populations IndonesiaPakistanIndiaBangladeshEgyptTurkeyNigeria Iran AlgeriaMorocco Introduction to Islam…

Iraq: Rulers

KingsFaisal I (1921–1933)Ghazi I (1933–1939)Faisal II (1939–1958)Abd al-Ilah, regent (1939–1941, 1941–1953)Sharaf ibn Rajih al-Fawwaz, regent (1941)Chairman of the Sovereignty CouncilMuhammad Najib…

Al-Biruni, Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad

(Encyclopedia) Al-Biruni or Al Beruni, Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn AhmadAl-Biruni or Al Beruni, Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmadäb&oomacr;ˈ rīhänˈ məhămˈĭd ĭbˈən äˈməd ăl-bēr&oomacr;ˈnē, ăl bĕr&…