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Stirling, William Alexander, earl of

(Encyclopedia) Stirling, William Alexander, earl of, 1567?–1640, Scottish poet. He was tutor of Prince Henry of Scotland and went to England on the accession of James I. The holder of various…

Russian Revolution

(Encyclopedia) Russian Revolution, violent upheaval in Russia in 1917 that overthrew the czarist government. The civil war between the Bolsheviks (Reds) and the anti-Bolsheviks (Whites) ravaged…

Bolshevism and Menshevism

(Encyclopedia) Bolshevism and MenshevismBolshevism and Menshevismbōlˈshəvĭzəm, bŏlˈ–, mĕnˈshəvĭzəm [key], the two main branches of Russian socialism from 1903 until the consolidation of the Bolshevik…

Callisthenes

(Encyclopedia) CallisthenesCallistheneskəlĭsˈthənēz [key], c.360–c.327 b.c., Greek historian of Olynthus; nephew of Aristotle. He accompanied Alexander the Great into Asia as the historian of the…

Roxana

(Encyclopedia) RoxanaRoxanarŏksănˈə [key] or RoxaneRoxana–sănˈē [key], d. 311 b.c., wife of Alexander the Great. She was the daughter of Oxyartes, a Bactrian baron, and Alexander married her (327) to…

Speranski, Mikhail Mikhailovich

(Encyclopedia) Speranski, Mikhail MikhailovichSperanski, Mikhail Mikhailovichmēkhəyēlˈ mēkhīˈləvĭch spyĭränˈskē [key], 1772–1839, Russian public official, chief adviser to Czar Alexander I (1808–12…

Bucephalus

(Encyclopedia) BucephalusBucephalusby&oomacr;sĕˈfələs [key], favorite horse of Alexander the Great. There are legends of his speed and the wondrous deeds that Alexander performed while riding him…

Cassander

(Encyclopedia) CassanderCassanderkəsănˈdər [key], 358–297 b.c., king of Macedon, one of the chief figures in the wars of the Diadochi. The son of Antipater, he was an officer under Alexander the…