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Jena

(Encyclopedia) JenaJenayāˈnä [key], city (1994 pop. 100,090), Thuringia, E central Germany, on the Saale River. Manufactures of this industrial center include pharmaceuticals, glass, optical and…

Menger, Carl

(Encyclopedia) Menger, CarlMenger, Carlkärl mĕngˈər [key], 1840–1921, Austrian economist, a founder of the Austrian school of economics. He was professor of economics at the Univ. of Vienna from 1873…

Three Emperors' League

(Encyclopedia) Three Emperors' League, informal alliance among Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia, announced officially in 1872 on the occasion of the meeting of emperors Francis Joseph, William I…

2013 Pulitzer Prize Winners

Awards ranging from journalism to drama to music Related Links Joseph Pulitzer Biography Book, Magazine, and Newspaper Awards National…

Welsbach mantle

(Encyclopedia) Welsbach mantle or Welsbach burner [for C. A. von Welsbach], cylindrical framework of gauze impregnated with oxides of thorium and cerium. When heated in a gas flame, it produces a…

Sturm und Drang

(Encyclopedia) Sturm und DrangSturm und Drangsht&oobreve;rm &oobreve;nt dräng [key] or Storm and Stress, movement in German literature that flourished from c.1770 to c.1784. It takes its name…

Heinse, Wilhelm

(Encyclopedia) Heinse, WilhelmHeinse, Wilhelmvĭlˈhĕlm hīnˈsə [key], 1746–1803, German novelist. His principal novels, Ardinghello; or, An Artist's Rambles in Sicily (1787, tr. 1839) and Hildegard von…

Dumba, Konstantin Theodor

(Encyclopedia) Dumba, Konstantin TheodorDumba, Konstantin Theodorkônstäntēnˈ tāˈōdôr d&oobreve;mˈbä [key], 1856–1947, Austro-Hungarian diplomat. As ambassador (1913–15) to the United States, he…