(Encyclopedia) Ferdinand II, 1816–85, king consort of Portugal (1837–53). The eldest son of Ferdinand, duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, he married Maria II (Maria da Glória) of Portugal in 1836. After her…
(Encyclopedia) Isabel of Bavaria, 1371–1435, French queen, consort of Charles VI, daughter of the duke of Bavaria. After her marriage (1385) she was several times regent for her demented husband.…
(Encyclopedia) Medici, Cosimo III de', 1642–1723, grand duke of Tuscany (1670–1723); son and successor of Ferdinand II de' Medici. During his long reign the government of Tuscany degenerated into…
(Encyclopedia) Medici, Ferdinand II de', 1610–70, grand duke of Tuscany (1620–70); son and successor of Cosimo II de' Medici. A pupil of Galileo, he founded (1657) the Accademia del Cimento, the…
(Encyclopedia) Pepusch, John ChristopherPepusch, John Christopherpāˈp&oobreve;sh [key], 1667–1752, German musician, who lived in London from 1700 until his death. As a theorist he became expert…
(Encyclopedia) Casimir ICasimir Ikăsˈəmēr [key], c.1015–1058, duke of Poland (c.1040–1058), son of Mieszko II. He succeeded in reuniting the central Polish lands under the hegemony of the Holy Roman…
(Encyclopedia) Cargill, Donald, 1619?–1681, Scottish Covenanter. He was a minister in Glasgow from c.1655 until 1662, when he was expelled for denouncing the Restoration and resisting the…
(Encyclopedia) Carmagnola, Francesco Bussone daCarmagnola, Francesco Bussone dafränchĕsˈkō b&oomacr;s-sôˈnā dä kärmänyôˈlä [key], c.1380?–1432, Italian condottiere. He fought for Filippo Maria…
(Encyclopedia) Francis Borgia, SaintFrancis Borgia, Saintbôrˈjə [key], 1510–72, Spanish Roman Catholic reformer, third general of the Jesuits (see Jesus, Society of). He was a member of the famous…
(Encyclopedia) George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert), 1865–1936, king of Great Britain and Ireland (1910–36), second son and successor of Edward VII. At the age of 12 he commenced a naval career…
