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Protocols of the Elders of Zion

(Encyclopedia) Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a fraudulent document that reported the alleged proceedings of a conference of Jews in the late 19th cent., at which they discussed plans to overthrow…

Alfonso IV, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia) Alfonso IV, 1291–1357, king of Portugal (1325–57), son and successor of Diniz. Disgruntled by the favoritism his father showed toward Alfonso's illegitimate half-brothers, Alfonso rose…

1981 CMA Awards

Entertainer of the YearBarbara MandrellSingle of the Year“Elvira,” Oak Ridge BoysAlbum of the YearI Believe in You, Don Williams (MCA)Song of the Year (Songwriter's Award)“He Stopped Loving Her…

Portsmouth, Louise Renée de Kéroualle, duchess of

(Encyclopedia) Portsmouth, Louise Renée de Kéroualle, duchess ofPortsmouth, Louise Renée de Kéroualle, duchess oflwēz rənāˈ də kār&oomacr;älˈ [key], 1649–1734, French mistress of Charles II of…

Sorel, Agnès

(Encyclopedia) Sorel, AgnèsSorel, Agnèsänyĕsˈ sôrĕlˈ [key], c.1422–1450, mistress (1444–50) of Charles VII of France. She was the first mistress of a French king to be officially recognized as such.…

Sunderland, Robert Spencer, 2d earl of

(Encyclopedia) Sunderland, Robert Spencer, 2d earl of, 1641–1702, English statesman. He succeeded to the earldom in 1643. During the reign of Charles II he served on various diplomatic missions and…

Henry II, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Henry II, 1519–59, king of France (1547–59), son of King Francis I. His robust physique contrasted with his weak and pliant disposition. Throughout his reign he was governed by Anne de…

Court of Justice of the European Union

(Encyclopedia) Court of Justice of the European Union, judicial institution of the European Union (EU). Located in Luxembourg, it was founded in 1958 as the joint court for the three treaty…