(Encyclopedia) Morny, Charles Auguste Louis Joseph, duc deMorny, Charles Auguste Louis Joseph, duc deshärl ōgüstˈ lwē zhôzĕfˈ dük də môrnēˈ [key], 1811–65, French statesman; illegitimate son of…
(Encyclopedia) Matilda, 1046–1115, countess of Tuscany, called the Great Countess; supporter of Pope Gregory VII in the papal conflict with the Holy Roman emperors. Ruling over Tuscany and parts of…
(Encyclopedia) John VIII, d. 882, pope (872–82), a Roman; successor of Adrian II. John strenuously opposed the activities of St. Ignatius of Constantinople in Bulgaria. When Ignatius died, John…
(Encyclopedia) Frederick William I, 1688–1740, king of Prussia (1713–40), son and successor of Frederick I. He continued the administrative reforms and the process of centralization begun by…
(Encyclopedia) Gregoras, NicephorusGregoras, Nicephorusnīsĕfˈərəs grĕgˈərəs [key], c.1295–c.1359, Byzantine historian and theologian, one of the most learned men of his time. Among his scientific and…
(Encyclopedia) Constance, 1154–98, Holy Roman empress, wife of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI; daughter of King Roger II of Sicily. She was named heiress of Sicily by her nephew King William II. On his…
(Encyclopedia) Charles IV (Charles the Fair), 1294–1328, king of France (1322–28), youngest son of Philip IV, brother and successor of Philip V. Charles continued his brother's work of strengthening…
(Encyclopedia) Maximilian I, 1573–1651, elector (1623–51) and duke (1597–1651) of Bavaria, one of the outstanding figures of the Thirty Years War and an ardent supporter of the Counter Reformation.…
(Encyclopedia) Diocletian (Caius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus)Diocletiandīˈəklēˈshən [key], 245–313, Roman emperor (284–305), b. near Salona, Dalmatia (the modern Split, Croatia). Of humble birth,…
WHY WAS POLAND IN REVOLT? WHEN DID GERMANY COME INTO BEING? WHO WERE THE REDSHIRTS? BIOGRAPHY: OTTO VON BISMARCK 1815–1898 FIND OUT MORENationalism means the wish of a people to govern themselves…
