(Encyclopedia) hall, a communicating passageway or, in medieval buildings, the large main room. In the feudal castle of N Europe it was a single apartment, and in it lord and retainers lounged, ate,…
(Encyclopedia) Gregory XI, 1330–78, pope (1370–78), a Frenchman named Pierre Roger de Beaufort. He was the successor of Urban V, who had made an unsuccessful attempt to remove the papacy from Avignon…
(Encyclopedia) graffitograffitogräf-fēˈtō [key]. 1 Method of ornamenting architectural plaster surfaces. The designs are produced by scratching a topcoat of plaster to reveal an undercoat of…
(Encyclopedia) GuggenheimGuggenheimg&oobreve;gˈənhīm [key], family of American industrialists and philanthropists. Meyer Guggenheim, 1828–1905, b. Aargau canton, Switzerland, emigrated (1847) to…
(Encyclopedia) Clement VII, c.1475–1534, pope (1523–34), a Florentine named Giulio de' Medici; successor of Adrian VI. He was the nephew of Lorenzo de' Medici and was therefore first cousin of Pope…
Rzewski, Frederic Anthony
(Encyclopedia) Rzewski, Frederic Anthony, 1938-2021, American classical composer and pianist, b. Westfield, Ma., Harvard Univ. (B.A., 1958),…
(Encyclopedia) Tura, Cosmé or CosimoTura, Cosmé or Cosimokōzmāˈ t&oomacr;ˈrä, kôˈzēmō [key], c.1430–1495, Italian Renaissance artist. He was a leading master of the school of Ferrara and court…
(Encyclopedia) Botero, Fernando, 1932–, Colombian figurative painter and sculptor, b. Medellín, one of the most celebrated contemporary Latin American artists. He attended his native city's…
(Encyclopedia) Callot, JacquesCallot, Jacqueszhäk kälōˈ [key], c.1592–1635, French etcher and engraver, b. Nancy. Callot was an influential innovator and a brilliant observer of his time. In 1612 he…
