Learn about the history of third party participation in U.S. elections.
Sources: Ralph Nader: AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin; Eugene Debs: AP Photo; Victoria Woodhull: WikiCommons; Theodore…
HUMPHREYS, Andrew, a Representative from Indiana; born near Knoxville, Tenn., March 30, 1821; moved with his parents to Owen County, Ind., in 1829; afterwards moved to Putnam County and…
financier, railroad executiveBorn: 2/25/1848Birthplace: Hempstead, N.Y. He began his career on Wall Street, but became involved in railroads when he married Mary Averell, whose father was president…
(Henry John Heinz)food manufacturerBorn: 1844Birthplace: Pittsburgh, Pa. He began his career in the food and condiments business selling garden vegetables to neighbors, and moved up to selling to…
(“Red” Motley)publisherBorn: 1900Birthplace: Minneapolis, Minn. Having begun his career at Crowell-Collier publishers in 1928, he became publisher of American Magazine (1941–46) for which he…
(Henry Ross Perot)business executive, political figureBorn: 6/27/1930Birthplace: Texarkana, Tex. After graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy (1953) and serving his required tour of duty, he…
(William Henry Smith, Jr.)newsagent, bookseller, statesman Born: 1825Birthplace: London, England He entered the family's bookselling business, becoming his father's partner in 1846. He worked to…
actorBorn: 3/13/1950Birthplace: Miami, Florida Macy's acting career began somewhat inauspiciously doing voice-overs for commercials. He had trained under David Mamet at Goddard College in Vermont…
George W. Bush's secretary of DefenseBorn: 7/9/1932Birthplace: Chicago, Ill. The ultimate Washington insider, Rumsfeld became President Bush's secretary of defense in January 2001. He held the…
economistBorn: 12/29/1910Birthplace: London He worked as a statistician in the British War Cabinet and received his Ph.D. from the University of London in 1951 before emigrating to the U.S. where…
