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Athanasius, Saint

(Encyclopedia) Athanasius, SaintAthanasius, Saintăthənāˈzhəs [key], c.297–373, patriarch of Alexandria (328–73), Doctor of the Church, great champion of orthodoxy during the Arian crisis of the 4th…

Marseilles

(Encyclopedia) MarseillesMarseillesmärsāˈ [key], Fr. Marseille, city (1990 pop. 807,726), capital of Bouches-du-Rhône dept., SE France, on the Gulf of Lions, an arm of the Mediterranean Sea. It is…

Gonzaga

(Encyclopedia) GonzagaGonzagagōntsäˈgä [key], Italian princely house that ruled Mantua (1328–1708), Montferrat (1536–1708), and Guastalla (1539–1746). The family name is derived from the castle of…

Aquitaine

(Encyclopedia) AquitaineAquitaineăkˈwĭtān, äkētĕnˈ [key], Lat. Aquitania, former duchy and kingdom in SW France. Julius Caesar conquered the Aquitani, an Iberian people of SW Gaul, in 56 b.c. The…

Cleopatra

(Encyclopedia) CleopatraCleopatraklēəpăˈtrə, –pāˈ–, –päˈ– [key], 69 b.c.–30 b.c., queen of Egypt, one of the great romantic heroines of all time. Her name was widely used in the Ptolemaic family; she…

Savoy

(Encyclopedia) SavoySavoysəvoiˈ [key], Fr. Savoie, Alpine region of E France. The boundaries of old Savoy have changed with time, but presently the region comprises the departments of Savoie and…

Pompey

(Encyclopedia) Pompey (Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus)Pompeypŏmˈpē [key], 106 b.c.–48 b.c., Roman general, the rival of Julius Caesar. Sometimes called Pompey the Great, he was the son of Cnaeus Pompeius…

Bologna

(Encyclopedia) Bologna Bologna bōlôˈnyä [key], city, capital of Emilia-Romagna and of Bologna prov., N central…

Papal States

(Encyclopedia) Papal States, Ital. Lo Stato della Chiesa, from 754 to 1870 an independent territory under the temporal rule of the popes, also called the States of the Church and the Pontifical…