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Calixtus I, Saint

(Encyclopedia) Calixtus I, Callixtus I, or Callistus I, SaintCalixtus I, Callixtus I, or Callistus I, Saintkəlĭkˈstəs, kəlĭsˈtəs [key], c.160–c.222, pope (217–222), a Roman; successor of St.…

bus

(Encyclopedia) bus [Lat. omnibus=for all], large public conveyance. A horse-drawn urban omnibus was introduced in Paris in 1662 by Blaise Pascal and his associates, but it remained in operation for…

Brace, Charles Loring

(Encyclopedia) Brace, Charles Loring, 1826–90, American clergyman and social reformer, b. Litchfield, Conn. America's pioneer children's advocate, he founded (1853) the Children's Aid Society of New…

typhoid fever

(Encyclopedia) typhoid fever acute, generalized infection caused by Salmonella typhi. The main sources of infection are contaminated water or milk and, especially in urban communities, food handlers…

Scully, Vincent Joseph, Jr.

(Encyclopedia) Scully, Vincent Joseph, Jr., 1920–2018, American architectural historian, b. New Haven, Conn., grad. Yale (B.A., 1940; Ph.D., 1949). As a professor of art history at Yale (1947–91,…

Acknowledgments

The first five editions of The Columbia Encyclopedia were published in 1935, 1950, 1963, 1975, and 1993. All editions owe a debt of gratitude to Clark Fisher Ansley, the editor of the first edition,…

Cloning 101

Take a look back at the science of cloning, for both therapeutic and reproductive use Dolly the SheepAP Related Links…

Movies and Film: Danish Directions

Danish DirectionsMovies and FilmScandinavian Film HistoryDanish DirectionsThe Networks of NorwaySwedish SweetnessIngmar Bergman and the Triumph of Scandinavian Cinema On September 17, 1904, the…

1000–1099 (A.D.) World History

Mesa VerdeCliff Dwellings(c. 1000–1300)Pete MaioCathedral and Tower at PisaTasha Vincentc. 1000–1300Classic Pueblo period of Anasazi culture; cliff dwellings.c. 1000Hungary and Scandinavia…