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Hundred Years War

(Encyclopedia) Hundred Years War, 1337–1453, conflict between England and France. The Hundred Years War inflicted untold misery on France. Farmlands were laid waste, the population was decimated by…

Charles IV, king of Spain

(Encyclopedia) Charles IV, 1748–1819, king of Spain (1788–1808), second son of Charles III, whom he succeeded in place of his imbecile older brother. Unlike his father, Charles IV was an ineffective…

Louis VI, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Louis VI (Louis the Fat), 1081–1137, king of France (1108–37). He succeeded his father, Philip I, with whom he was associated in government from c.1100. He firmly established his…

Abbey, Edwin Austin

(Encyclopedia) Abbey, Edwin Austin, 1852–1911, American illustrator and painter, b. Philadelphia, studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Employed by Harper & Brothers, he was sent…

Stafford, Henry, 2d duke of Buckingham

(Encyclopedia) Stafford, Henry, 2d duke of Buckingham, 1454?–1483, English nobleman. He was the grandson of Humphrey Stafford, the 1st duke, whom he succeeded in 1460. He passed the death sentence on…

Loubet, Émile François

(Encyclopedia) Loubet, Émile FrançoisLoubet, Émile Françoisāmēlˈ fräNswäˈ l&oomacr;bāˈ [key], 1838–1929, president of the French republic (1899–1906). As a member of the chamber of deputies, he…

The Coretta Scott King Award

For African-American authors and illustrators whose books promote the contributions to the American dream; given by the American Library Association. A separate award…

Martin Luther King Speeches

Excerpts from King's most famous addresses Related Links Martin Luther King Day Timeline: Martin Luther King, Jr. The History of Martin Luther King Day Notable Speeches African…

Gaveston, Piers

(Encyclopedia) Gaveston, PiersGaveston, Pierspērz găvˈəstən [key], d. 1312, favorite of Edward II of England. Son of a Gascon knight at the court of Edward I, he was a boyhood playmate of the future…