(Encyclopedia) Henry IV, 1367–1413, king of England (1399–1413), eldest son of John of Gaunt and grandson of Edward III; called Henry of Bolingbroke. He founded the Lancastrian dynasty.
The new…
(Encyclopedia) Henry V, 1387–1422, king of England (1413–22), son and successor of Henry IV.
Henry abandoned his early recklessness (celebrated and probably exaggerated by Shakespeare) and ruled…
(Encyclopedia) Henry VI, 1421–71, king of England (1422–61, 1470–71).
Henry was a mild, honest, and pious man, a patron of literature and the arts and the founder of Eton College (1440). He was,…
(Encyclopedia) Henry VII, 1457–1509, king of England (1485–1509) and founder of the Tudor dynasty.
Henry was an astute political leader. He established the Tudor tradition of strong rule tempered…
(Encyclopedia) Henry VIII, 1491–1547, king of England (1509–47), second son and successor of Henry VII.
Henry was a supreme egotist. He advanced personal desires under the guise of public policy…
(Encyclopedia) Henry I, c.1008–1060, king of France (1031–60), son and successor of King Robert II. To defend his throne against his mother, his brothers Robert and Eudes, and subsequently against…
(Encyclopedia) Henry II, 1519–59, king of France (1547–59), son of King Francis I. His robust physique contrasted with his weak and pliant disposition. Throughout his reign he was governed by Anne de…
(Encyclopedia) Henry III, 1551–89, king of France (1574–89); son of King Henry II and Catherine de' Medici. He succeeded his brother, Charles IX. As a leader of the royal army in the Wars of Religion…
(Encyclopedia) Henry IV, 1553–1610, king of France (1589–1610) and, as Henry III, of Navarre (1572–1610), son of Antoine de Bourbon and Jeanne d'Albret; first of the Bourbon kings of France.…
(Encyclopedia) Frederick VII, 1808–63, king of Denmark, duke of Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg (1848–63), son and successor of Christian VIII. He accepted a liberal constitution in 1849 that…
