(Encyclopedia) Baldwin III, 1130–62, Latin king of Jerusalem (1143–62), son and successor of Fulk. Until 1152 he ruled with his mother, Melisende. In his reign began the decay of Latin power in the…
(Encyclopedia) Baldwin IV (Baldwin the Leper), c.1161–1185, Latin king of Jerusalem (1174–85), son and successor of Amalric I. Raymond, count of Tripoli, was regent from 1174 to 1176. Baldwin was…
(Encyclopedia) William I, 1772–1843, first king of the Netherlands and grand duke of Luxembourg (1815–40), son of Prince William V of Orange, last stadtholder of the Netherlands. He commanded (1793–…
(Encyclopedia) William II, 1792–1849, king of the Netherlands and grand duke of Luxembourg (1840–49), son and successor of William I. He served with Wellington in the Peninsular War, was wounded at…
(Encyclopedia) William III, 1817–90, king of the Netherlands and grand duke of Luxembourg (1849–90), son and successor of William II. William III ruled as a constitutional monarch, and his long reign…
Holy Roman Empire: EmperorsCharlemagne (Charles I), emperor of the West (800–814), Carolingian king of the Franks (768–814)Charles II, emperor of the West (875–77) and king of the West Franks (843…
See the list of Rulers of England and Great Britain. See the list of British Prime Ministers.Rulers of ScotlandKenneth I, traditional founder of the kingdom of Scotland (c. 843–858)Kenneth II,…
Ancient Egypt: RulersAmenemhet I, king of ancient Egypt, founder of the XII dynasty (2000–1970 B.C.)Sesostris I, king of ancient Egypt, second ruler of the XII dynasty (1980–1926 B.C.)Amasis I,…
(Encyclopedia) Louis II, 1506–26, king of Hungary and Bohemia (1516–26), son and successor of Uladislaus II. He was the last of the Jagiello dynasty in the two kingdoms. In the face of intensified…
(Encyclopedia) Maximilian II, 1811–64, king of Bavaria (1848–64), son and successor of Louis I. He had liberal tendencies and was a patron of art and learning. He hoped to create a union of small…
