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Stuart, James Francis Edward

(Encyclopedia) Stuart or Stewart, James Francis Edward, 1688–1766, claimant to the British throne, son of James II and Mary of Modena; called the Old Pretender. His birth, falsely rumored by Whigs at…

Women in Business

  Estée Lauder Biographies ofNotable Women Actresses Adventurers Artists Athletes Businesswomen Comediennes Congresswomen Educators and Scholars Fashion Designers and Models…

Members of Congress: Maryland, Congress,

Biographies of U.S. representatives and senators from Maryland Member Name Birth-Death ALBERT, William Julian 1816-1879 ALEXANDER, Robert 1740-1805 ANDREWS, William Noble 1876-…

Allen, Woody

(Encyclopedia) Allen, Woody, 1935–, American actor, writer, and director, one of contemporary America's leading filmmakers, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., as Allen Stewart Konigsberg. Allen began his career…

Darnley, Henry Stuart, Lord

(Encyclopedia) Darnley, Henry Stuart or Stewart, Lord, 1545–67, second husband of Mary Queen of Scots and father of James I of England (James VI of Scotland). His mother was Margaret Douglas, the…

transcontinental railroad

(Encyclopedia) transcontinental railroad, in U.S. history, rail connection with the Pacific coast. In 1845, Asa Whitney presented to Congress a plan for the federal government to subsidize the…

Members of Congress: Washington, Congress,

Biographies of U.S. representatives and senators from Washington Member Name Birth-Death ADAMS, Brockman (Brock) 1927-2004 ALLEN, John Beard 1845-1903 ANDERSON, James Patton 1822-…

1999 World History

Thabo Mbeki (1942–) Eileen Collins (1956– ) NASA   1999 U.S. agrees to ease restrictions on Cuba (Jan. 4). Dennis Hastert elected to replace Newt Gingrich as Speaker of the…

irrigation

(Encyclopedia) irrigation, in agriculture, artificial watering of the land. Although used chiefly in regions with annual rainfall of less than 20 in. (51 cm), it is also used in wetter areas to grow…

Members of Congress: Vermont, Congress,

Biographies of U.S. representatives and senators from Vermont Member Name Birth-Death AIKEN, George David 1892-1984 ALLEN, Heman (of Colchester) 1779-1852 ALLEN, Heman (of Milton…