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Frankfurt School

(Encyclopedia) Frankfurt School, a group of researchers associated with the Institut für Sozialforschung (Institute of Social Research), founded in 1923 as an autonomous division of the Univ. of…

Nolde, Emil

(Encyclopedia) Nolde, EmilNolde, Emilāˈmēl nôlˈdə [key], 1867–1956, German expressionist painter and graphic artist. His original name was Emil Hansen. After teaching in Switzerland (1892–98), Nolde…

Schnitzler, Arthur

(Encyclopedia) Schnitzler, ArthurSchnitzler, Arthurärˈt&oobreve;r shnĭtsˈlər [key], 1862–1931, Austrian dramatist and novelist. The son of a prominent Jewish Viennese physician, he studied and…

Richter, Hans

(Encyclopedia) Richter, HansRichter, Hanshäns [key]Richter, Hans rĭkhˈtər [key], 1888–1976, American artist, b. Germany. A painter and filmmaker, Richter was influenced by cubism and Dada and was a…

Shakur, Tupac Amaru

(Encyclopedia) Shakur, Tupac Amaru, 1971-1996, African-American rap artist, composer, and actor, b. New York, N.Y., as Lesane Parish Crooks. Tupac’s…

Gunter Grass

Günter Grass"Whose frolicsome black fablesportray the forgotten face of history" Günter Grass, recently awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize for Literature, is a distinguished German novelist,…

Movies and Film: Independent Films Today

Independent Films TodayMovies and FilmFilm Financing, Production, and DistributionProduction, Distribution, ExhibitionDistributionExhibition(ists)Stars' BucksIndependent Films TodayForeign FilmsSome…

Movies and Film: Ringing the White Telephone

Ringing the White TelephoneMovies and FilmItalian Film HistoryTurnin' to TurinRinging the White TelephoneA Few Good FilmsThe Past 20 Years Over the course of the 1930s, large sectors of the…