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Socialist parties

(Encyclopedia) Socialist parties in European history, political organizations formed in European countries to achieve the goals of socialism. The French Socialist party, known as the SFIO from…

Ireland, Republic of

(Encyclopedia) CE5 Ireland, Republic of, Gaelic, Eire, republic (2015 est. pop. 4,700,000), 27,136 sq mi (70,282 sq km). It occupies all but the northeastern corner of the island of Ireland in the…

Inventions and Discoveries

Adrenaline: (isolation of) John Jacob Abel, U.S., 1897. Aerosol can: Erik Rotheim, Norway, 1926. Air brake: George Westinghouse, U.S., 1868. Air conditioning: Willis Carrier, U.S., 1911.…

Holy Roman Empire

(Encyclopedia) CE5 Holy Roman Empire (c.1100) CE5 Holy Roman Empire, designation for the political entity that originated at the coronation as emperor (962) of the German king Otto I and…

Russian literature

(Encyclopedia) Russian literature, literary works mainly produced in the historic area of Russia, written in its earliest days in Church Slavonic and after the 17th cent. in the Russian language.…

novel

(Encyclopedia) novel, in modern literary usage, a sustained work of prose fiction a volume or more in length. It is distinguished from the short story and the fictional sketch, which are necessarily…

Kenya

(Encyclopedia) CE5 KenyaKenyakĕnˈyə, kēnˈ– [key], officially Republic of Kenya, republic (2015 est. pop. 47,236,000), 224,960 sq mi (582,646 sq km), E Africa. Kenya is bordered by Somalia on the…

Cuba

(Encyclopedia) CE5 Cuba Cuba ky&oomacr;ˈbə, Span. k&oomacr;ˈbä [key], officially Republic of Cuba, republic…

opera

(Encyclopedia) opera, drama set to music. In the early part of the 20th cent. the foremost operatic composer was Richard Strauss. Although influenced by Wagner, he composed operas with even richer…

Nobel Prizes (table)

(Encyclopedia) Nobel Prizes Year Peace Chemistry Physics Physiology or Medicine Literature 1901 J. H. Dunant Frédéric Passy J. H. van't Hoff W. C. Roentgen E. A. von Behring R. F. A. Sully-…