(Encyclopedia) Percier, CharlesPercier, Charlesshärl pĕrsyāˈ [key], 1764–1838, French architect. He won (1786) the Grand Prix de Rome, and in 1794 he became associated with Pierre François Léonard…
(Encyclopedia) Boyen, Hermann vonBoyen, Hermann vonboiˈən [key], 1771–1848, Prussian field marshal. After the Prussian defeat by Emperor Napoleon I and the disastrous treaties of Tilsit in 1807 (see…
(Encyclopedia) LouvreLouvrel&oomacr;ˈvrə [key], foremost French museum of art, located in Paris. The building was a royal fortress and palace built by Philip II in the late 12th cent. In 1546…
(Encyclopedia) AuerstedtAuerstedtouˈərshtĕt [key], village, Thuringia, S central Germany. At Auerstedt on Oct. 14, 1806 (the same day Napoleon I triumphed at Jena), French Marshal Louis Nicholas…
(Encyclopedia) Staël, Germaine deStaël, Germaine dezhĕrmĕnˈ də stäl [key], 1766–1817, French-Swiss woman of letters, whose full name was Anne Louise Germaine Necker, baronne de Staël-Holstein. Born…
A look at the aristocratic pecking order by David Johnson Emperor Comes from the Latin, "imperator," which was originally a military title. Soldiers would salute the leader of a victorious…
(Encyclopedia) MaloyaroslavetsMaloyaroslavetsmäˌləyärəsläˈvyĭts [key], city, E central European Russia, on the Luzh River. In Oct., 1812, Russian forces in the city barred the road to Kaluga against…
(Encyclopedia) Fath Ali ShahFath Ali Shahfäth älēˈ shäˈ, fät [key], also spelled Feth Ali Shah, 1762–1834, shah of Persia (1797–1834), nephew and successor of Aga Muhammad Khan, founder of the Qajar…
(Encyclopedia) Ferry, JulesFerry, Juleszhül fĕrēˈ [key], 1832–93, French statesman. A member of the government of national defense established after the defeat of Emperor Napoleon III in the Franco-…
(Encyclopedia) Garnier-Pagès, Louis AntoineGarnier-Pagès, Louis Antoinelwē [key]Garnier-Pagès, Louis AntoineäNtwänˈ [key]Garnier-Pagès, Louis Antoine gärnyāˈ-päzhĕsˈ [key], 1803–78, French…
