(Encyclopedia) Todorov, Tzvetan, 1939–2017, Bulgarian-French literary theorist, historian of ideas, and sociologist, b. Sofia, Bulgaria, Ph.D. Univ. of Paris, 1966. He joined (1968) the National…
(Encyclopedia) Renan, ErnestRenan, Ernestĕrnĕstˈ rənäNˈ [key], 1823–92, French historian and critic. He began training for the priesthood but renounced it in 1845. His first trip to Italy (1849)…
(Encyclopedia) imagists, group of English and American poets writing from 1909 to about 1917, who were united by their revolt against the exuberant imagery and diffuse sentimentality of 19th-century…
(Encyclopedia) Haushofer, KarlHaushofer, Karlkärl housˈhōfər [key], 1869–1946, German geographer, theorist of Nazi geopolitics, including the doctrines that the state is a living organism and that…
(Encyclopedia) Goncourt, Edmond Louis Antoine Huot deGoncourt, Edmond Louis Antoine Huot deĕdmôNˈ lwē äNtwänˈ üōˈ də gôNk&oomacr;rˈ [key], 1822–96, and Jules Alfred Huot de GoncourtGoncourt,…
(Encyclopedia) Gay-Lussac, Joseph LouisGay-Lussac, Joseph Louiszhôzĕfˈ lwē gā-lüsäkˈ [key], 1778–1850, French chemist and physicist. He was professor in Paris at the Sorbonne, at the Polytechnic…
(Encyclopedia) NantesNantesnäNt [key], city (1990 pop. 252,029), capital of Loire-Atlantique dept., W France, on the Loire River. It is an important industrial and shipping center with its ocean port…
(Encyclopedia) Lotze, Rudolf HermannLotze, Rudolf Hermannr&oomacr;ˈdôlf hĕrˈmän lōˈtsə [key], 1817–81, German philosopher and psychologist. After studying medicine and philosophy at Leipzig, he…
(Encyclopedia) Nouvel, JeanNouvel, JeanzhäN n&oomacr;vĕlˈ [key], 1945–, French architect, grad. École des Beaux-Arts, Paris (1971). He opened his own firm in 1975, and became known for innovative…
(Encyclopedia) Kristeva, Julia, 1941–, French critic, psychoanalyst, semiotician, and writer, b. Sliven, Bulgaria. Writing in French, she has explored many subjects including structuralist…
