(Encyclopedia) Guibert of RavennaGuibert of Ravennagwĭbˈərt, gēbĕrˈ [key], d. 1100, Italian churchman, antipope (1080–1100) Clement III, b. Parma. As imperial chancellor of Italy (1057–63), he…
(Encyclopedia) Lombard League, an alliance formed in 1167 among the communes of Lombardy to resist Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I when he attempted to assert his imperial authority in Lombardy.…
(Encyclopedia) limbo, in Roman Catholic theology, an afterlife realm between heaven and hell where there is no punishment but where souls are denied the presence of God. Never part of Catholic dogma…
(Encyclopedia) Louis VII (Louis the Young), c.1120–1180, king of France (1137–80), son and successor of King Louis VI. Before his accession he married Eleanor of Aquitaine. A controversy with Pope…
(Encyclopedia) investiture, in feudalism, ceremony by which an overlord transferred a fief to a vassal or by which, in ecclesiastical law, an elected cleric received the pastoral ring and staff (the…
(Encyclopedia) Pontus, ancient country, NE Asia Minor (now Turkey), on the Black Sea coast. On its inland side were Cappadocia and W Armenia. It was not significantly penetrated by Persian or…
KAHN, Florence Prag, (wife of Julius Kahn), a Representative from California; born in Salt Lake City, Utah, November 9, 1866; moved to California in 1869 with her parents, who settled in San…
de la GARZA, Eligio, II (Kika), a Representative from Texas; born in Mercedes, Hidalgo County, Tex., September 22, 1927; educated at Mission (Tex.) High School, Edinburgh (Tex.) Junior College,…
Tall Ships:Kruzenshtern, Juan Sebastian de Elcano, and Kaiwo Maru II by David Johnson Kruzenshtern The Russian ship Kruzenshtern For sheer size, few ships can match the Russian…
