(Encyclopedia) Palafox, José dePalafox, José dehōsāˈ ᵺā päläfôkhˈ [key], 1776?–1847, Spanish general in the Peninsular War, celebrated for his heroic defense of Zaragoza. Elected captain general of…
(Encyclopedia) Patinir, Patenier, or Patiner, Joachim dePatinir, Patenier, or Patiner, Joachim deall: yōˈäkhĭm də pätĭnērˈ [key], d. 1524, Flemish landscape and religious painter. He probably studied…
(Encyclopedia) Ayolas, Juan deAyolas, Juan dehwän dā äyōˈläs [key], d. 1537?, Spanish conquistador, explorer of the Río de la Plata country. He accompanied Pedro de Mendoza on his expedition of 1535–…
(Encyclopedia) Orellana, Francisco deOrellana, Francisco defränthēsˈkō ᵺā ōrālyäˈnä [key], d. c.1546, Spanish explorer of the Amazon River. He took part in the conquest of Peru and was a lieutenant…
(Encyclopedia) Marcos de NizaMarcos de Nizamärˈkōs dā nēˈsä [key], c.1495–1558, missionary explorer in Spanish North America. A Franciscan friar, he served in Peru and Guatemala before going to…
(Encyclopedia) María de MolinaMaría de Molinamärēˈä [key]María de Molinadā mōlēˈnä [key], d. 1321, queen of Castile, consort of Sancho IV. As regent (1295–1301) for her son, Ferdinand IV, she…
(Encyclopedia) Mariana, Juan deMariana, Juan dehwän dā märyäˈnä [key], 1536?–1623?, Spanish historian and political philosopher, a Jesuit. He taught in Rome and in Paris before going to Toledo, where…
(Encyclopedia) Marie de FranceMarie de Francedə fräNs [key], fl. 1155–90, poet. Born in France, she spent her adult life in England in aristocratic circles and wrote in Anglo-Norman. She is best…
