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Acknowledgments

The first five editions of The Columbia Encyclopedia were published in 1935, 1950, 1963, 1975, and 1993. All editions owe a debt of gratitude to Clark Fisher Ansley, the editor of the first edition,…

Food-Borne Diseases: E. coli 0157:H7

E. coli 0157:H7Food-Borne DiseasesIntroductionE. coli 0157:H7CamphylobacterSalmonellaShigellaListeriaTrichinosis The E. coli bacterium lives everywhere in the environment, though it is particularly…

Tropical Diseases: Schistosomiasis: Snail Fever

Schistosomiasis: Snail FeverTropical DiseasesIntroductionLeishmaniasis: The Sand Fly's BugGiardiasis: A One-Celled WonderSchistosomiasis: Snail FeverAfrican Sleeping SicknessRiver Blindness Among…

Mitchell, George John

(Encyclopedia) Mitchell, George John, 1933–, U.S. public official, b. Waterville, Maine. An attorney in private and government practice in the 1960s and 1970s, he was a protege of Senator Edmund…

folklore

(Encyclopedia) folklore, the body of customs, legends, beliefs, and superstitions passed on by oral tradition. It includes folk dances, folk songs, folk medicine (the use of magical charms and herbs…

Peirce, Charles Sanders

(Encyclopedia) Peirce, Charles SandersPeirce, Charles Sanderspûrs [key], 1839–1914, American philosopher and polymath, b. Cambridge, Mass., grad. Harvard, 1859; son of Benjamin Peirce. Except for…

Carroll, Lewis

(Encyclopedia) Carroll, Lewis, pseud. of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, 1832–98, English writer, mathematician, and amateur photographer, b. near Daresbury, Cheshire (now in Halton). Educated at Christ…

Summer Movies

Upcoming Blockbusters and Indie Gems ArmageddonThe film has a publicity machine behind it the likes of Independence Day, but it doesn't have lucky charm Will Smith. Current It boy Ben Affleck will…