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The Watergate Affair

  Watergate       The Major Players Alexander Haig, Nixon's civilian chief of staff (1973—74)Charles Ruff, Watergate special prosecutorSpecial Prosecutor Archibald CoxSpecial…

Hamilton, Patrick

(Encyclopedia) Hamilton, Patrick, 1504?–1528, Scottish Protestant martyr. While at St. Andrews, he was suspected of Lutheran sympathies. He fled (1527) to Germany, where, during his short stay, he…

Maine de Biran

(Encyclopedia) Maine de BiranMaine de Biranmĕn də bēräNˈ [key], 1766–1824, French philosopher, member of the Council of Five Hundred (1797), and councilor of state (1816). His real name was Marie…

Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich

(Encyclopedia) Pavlov, Ivan PetrovichPavlov, Ivan Petrovichēvänˈ pētrôˈvĭch pävˈləf [key], 1849–1936, Russian physiologist and experimental psychologist. He was professor at the military medical…

nuclear winter

(Encyclopedia) nuclear winter, theory holding that the smoke and dust produced by a large nuclear war would result in a prolonged period of cold on the earth. The earliest version of the theory,…

Putnam, George Haven

(Encyclopedia) Putnam, George Haven, 1844–1930, American publisher, b. England; son of G. P. Putnam. He served in the Civil War until he was captured by the Confederates in 1864; he retired with the…

Rhys, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Rhys, JeanRhys, Jeanrēs [key], pseud. of Ella Gwendoline Rees Williams, 1894–1979, English novelist, b. Dominica. Her novels written in the 1930s mercilessly exploit her own emotional…

metaphysical poets

(Encyclopedia) metaphysical poets, name given to a group of English lyric poets of the 17th cent. The term was first used by Samuel Johnson (1744). The hallmark of their poetry is the metaphysical…

Metchnikoff, Élie

(Encyclopedia) Metchnikoff, ÉlieMetchnikoff, Élieālēˈ mĕchˈnĭkôf [key], 1845–1916, Russian biologist. He studied in Russia and Germany, lectured at the Univ. of Odessa, and, after working with…

Vattel, Emerich de

(Encyclopedia) Vattel, Emerich deVattel, Emerich deāˈmərĭkh də vätĕlˈ [key], 1714–67, Swiss philosopher and jurist. He served (1746–58) as Saxon minister at Bern and later in the cabinet of Augustus…