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Charles the Great

(Encyclopedia) Charles the Great, Frankish king, emperor of the West: see Charlemagne.

farming the taxes

(Encyclopedia) farming the taxes: see farming, in taxation.

Ferdinand the Catholic

(Encyclopedia) Ferdinand the Catholic: see Ferdinand II, king of Aragón.

Pepin the Short

(Encyclopedia) Pepin the Short (Pepin III), c.714–768, first Carolingian king of the Franks (751–68), son of Charles Martel and father of Charlemagne. Succeeding his father as mayor of the palace (…

Pliny the Elder

(Encyclopedia) Pliny the Elder (Caius Plinius Secundus)Pliny the Elderplĭˈnē [key], c.a.d. 23–a.d. 79, Roman naturalist, b. Cisalpine Gaul. He was a friend and fellow military officer of Vespasian,…

Pliny the Younger

(Encyclopedia) Pliny the Younger: see under Pliny the Elder.

Philip the Arabian

(Encyclopedia) Philip the Arabian: see Philip, Roman emperor.

Philip the Fair

(Encyclopedia) Philip the Fair: see Philip IV, king of France.

Philip the Good

(Encyclopedia) Philip the Good, 1396–1467, duke of Burgundy (1419–67); son of Duke John the Fearless. After his father was murdered (1419) at a meeting with the dauphin (later King Charles VII of…

Philip the Handsome

(Encyclopedia) Philip the Handsome: see Philip I, Spanish king of Castile.