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Hildebert of Lavardin

(Encyclopedia) Hildebert of LavardinHildebert of Lavardinhĭlˈdəbərt, lăvˈərdĭn; lävärdăNˈ [key], c.1056–1133, French churchman, bishop of Le Mans (1096–1125), and archbishop of Tours (1125–33). He…

Renard, Jules

(Encyclopedia) Renard, JulesRenard, Juleszhül rənärˈ [key], 1864–1910, French writer. His Écornifleur (1892) is a novel about a young writer's selfish exploitation of a bourgeois family. Poil de…

Louis Pasteur

Born: 1822Birthplace: Dôle, France Brewing beer and ale—Pasteur formulated the fundamental tenets of the germ theory of fermentation and of diseases which led to his pasteurization process of…

Servan-Schreiber, Jean-Jacques

(Encyclopedia) Servan-Schreiber, Jean-Jacques, 1924–2006, French journalist, politician, and public intellectual, b. Paris, grad. École Polytechnique (1947). A political writer at Le Monde (1948–53…

Professional Auto Racing

NASCAR's biggest race of the year is the Daytona 500, and it's also the first race of the year. Imagine having the Super Bowl at the beginning of the football season instead of at the end.Racing…

Dinwiddie, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Dinwiddie, Robert, 1693–1770, colonial governor of Virginia (1751–58), b. near Glasgow, Scotland. He was collector of customs (1727–38) for Bermuda and surveyor general (1738–51) for…

brutalism

(Encyclopedia) brutalism or new brutalism, architectural style of the late 1950s and 60s that arose in reaction to the lightness, polish, and use of glass and steel that had come to characterize the…

Rzewski, Frederic Anthony

(Encyclopedia) Rzewski, Frederic Anthony, 1938-2021, American classical composer and pianist, b. Westfield, Ma., Harvard Univ. (B.A., 1958),…

Marivaux, Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de

(Encyclopedia) Marivaux, Pierre Carlet de Chamblain deMarivaux, Pierre Carlet de Chamblain depyĕrˈ kärlāˈ də shäNblēˈ də märēvōˈ [key], 1688–1763, French dramatist and novelist. He enjoyed popularity…

Austen, Jane

(Encyclopedia) Austen, JaneAusten, Janeôˈstən [key], 1775–1817, English novelist. The daughter of a clergyman, she spent the first 25 years of her life at “Steventon,” her father's Hampshire vicarage…