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Acknowledgments

The first five editions of The Columbia Encyclopedia were published in 1935, 1950, 1963, 1975, and 1993. All editions owe a debt of gratitude to Clark Fisher Ansley, the editor of the first edition,…

Richard Milhous Nixon

Born: 1/9/1913Birthplace: Yorba Linda, Calif. Richard Milhous Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, Calif., on Jan. 9, 1913, to Midwestern-bred parents, Francis A. and Hannah Milhous Nixon, who raised…

Edmund

(Encyclopedia) Edmund, 921–46, king of Wessex (939–46), half-brother and successor of Athelstan. Immediately after his accession he had to face an invasion of Irish vikings led by Olaf Guthfrithson.…

Daugavpils

(Encyclopedia) Daugavpils Daugavpils douˈgäfpēls [key], Ger. Dünaburg, city, SE Latvia, on the…

Charleroi

(Encyclopedia) Charleroi Charleroi shärlərwäˈ [key], city, Hainaut prov., S Belgium, on the Sambre River and on the…

Fausta

(Encyclopedia) Fausta (Flavia Maximiana Fausta)Faustafôsˈtə [key], d. c.326, Roman princess. She was the wife of Constantine I, the daughter of Maximian, and the mother of Constantine II, Constantius…

Kakinomoto no Hitomaro

(Encyclopedia) Kakinomoto no HitomaroKakinomoto no Hitomarokäˈkēˈnōˈmōˈtō nō hēˈtōˈmäˈrō [key], ?–710?, early Japanese lyric poet. He is the greatest poet represented in the Manyôshu [collection of…

Newlands, John Alexander Reina

(Encyclopedia) Newlands, John Alexander Reina, 1838–98, British chemist. He studied at the Royal College of Chemistry in London and worked as an industrial chemist. Newlands prepared the first…

Nabataea

(Encyclopedia) NabataeaNabataeanăbˌətēˈə [key], ancient kingdom of Arabia, south of Edom, in present-day Jordan. It flourished from the 4th cent. b.c. to a.d. 106, when it was conquered by Rome. The…

nursery rhymes

(Encyclopedia) nursery rhymes, verses, generally brief and usually anonymous, for children. The best-known examples are in English and date mostly from the 17th cent. A popular type of rhyme is used…