(Encyclopedia) Olbers, Heinrich Wilhelm MatthäusOlbers, Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäushīnˈrĭkh vĭlˈhĕlm mätĕˈ&oobreve;s ôlˈbərs [key], 1758–1840, German astronomer and physician. He originated (1797)…
(Encyclopedia) Neander, Johann August WilhelmNeander, Johann August Wilhelmyōˈhän ouˈg&oobreve;st vĭlˈhĕlm nāänˈdər [key], 1789–1850, German theologian and church historian. Of Jewish parentage,…
(Encyclopedia) Sommerfeld, Arnold Johannes WilhelmSommerfeld, Arnold Johannes Wilhelmärˈnōlt yōhänˈəs vĭlˈhĕlm zômˈərfĕlt [key], 1868–1951, German physicist and teacher. He received a Ph.D. at…
(Encyclopedia) Weierstrass, Karl Wilhelm TheodorWeierstrass, Karl Wilhelm Theodorkärl vĭlˈhĕlm tāˈōdōr vīˈərshträs [key], 1815–97, German mathematician. From 1864 he was professor of mathematics at…
(Encyclopedia) Nicholas II, 1868–1918, last czar of Russia (1894–1917), son of Alexander III and Maria Feodorovna.
Discontent at home grew, the army tired of war, the food situation deteriorated,…
(Encyclopedia) Kiel Canal, artificial waterway, 61 mi (98 km) long, in Schleswig-Holstein, N central Germany, connecting the North Sea with the Baltic Sea. At sea level, the canal extends from Kiel…
(Encyclopedia) Drygalski, Erich vonDrygalski, Erich vonāˈrĭkh fən drēgälˈskē [key], 1865–1949, German polar explorer. A professor of geography at the Univ. of Munich, he led an expedition that…
(Encyclopedia) Hakam II, al-Hakam II, al-äl-häkämˈ [key], 914–76, Umayyad caliph of Córdoba (961–76), son and successor of Abd ar-Rahman III. In the early part of his reign he successfully waged war…
(Encyclopedia) Frederick William II, 1744–97, king of Prussia (1786–97), nephew and successor of Frederick II (Frederick the Great). He had the power but lacked the ability of his distinguished…
(Encyclopedia) Gregory II, Saint, d. 731, pope (715–31), a Roman; successor of Constantine. When Byzantine Emperor Leo III tried to impose iconoclasm in Italy by an imperial edict, Gregory answered…
