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Acknowledgments

The first five editions of The Columbia Encyclopedia were published in 1935, 1950, 1963, 1975, and 1993. All editions owe a debt of gratitude to Clark Fisher Ansley, the editor of the first edition,…

Saddam Hussein

Iraqi political leaderBorn: 4/28/1937Birthplace: Tikrit, Iraq Hussein was raised in the farming village of Tikrit by his widowed mother. He joined the Ba'ath Socialist party in 1957 and was soon…

Taliban Timeline

Key dates in the history of the Taliban and Contemporary Afghanistan by Laura Hayes and Borgna Brunner   1979-2000 2001 2002-2006 2006-present 1979 Soviet…

Nobel Prizes: 2002

/* /*]]>*/ 2002 Nobel Prize Winners   Jimmy Carter, former president of the United StatesPeace: Jimmy Carter, former U.S. president and , were cited "for their work for a better organized…

Ides of March

The Ides of March Just one of a dozen Ides that occur every month of the year by Borgna Brunner As far as Caesar knew, the Ides were just another day.The soothsayer's warning to Julius…

Skyscraper Facts

From the father of the skyscraper to a building with a view by Karen Barss The Eiffel Tower, in Paris, France Related Links Skyscraper HistoryTallest Building TimelineWorld's…

Ali, Muhammad

(Encyclopedia) Ali, MuhammadAli, Muhammadməhămˈəd älēˈ [key], 1942–2016, American boxer, b. Louisville, Ky. Born Cassius Marcellus Clay, he was a 1960 Olympic gold medalist. Shortly after upsetting…

Druze

(Encyclopedia) Druze or DruseDruzedr&oomacr;z [key], religious community of Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan, with important overseas branches in the Americas and Australia. The religious…

Ismailis

(Encyclopedia) IsmailisIsmailisĭsmäēlˈēz [key], Muslim Shiite sect that holds Ismail, the son of Jafar as-Sadiq, as its imam. On the death of the sixth imam of the Shiites, Jafar as-Sadiq (d. 765),…

Ibn Saud

(Encyclopedia) Ibn Saud (Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud)Ibn Saudĭˈbən sä&oomacr;dˈ [key], c.1880–1953, founder of Saudi Arabia and its first king. His family, with its regular seat at Riyadh in the Nejd,…