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Surtees, Robert Smith

(Encyclopedia)Surtees, Robert Smith sûrˈtēz [key], 1803–64, English novelist. He created John Jorrocks, the sporting grocer, who appears in Jorrocks' Jaunts and Jollities (1838), a series of humorous sketches ...

Barton, Benjamin Smith

(Encyclopedia)Barton, Benjamin Smith, 1766–1815, American physician and botanist, b. Lancaster, Pa., studied at the College of Philadelphia, at Edinburgh, and at Göttingen (M.D., 1789). He taught at the College ...

Preston, John Smith

(Encyclopedia)Preston, John Smith, 1809–81, Confederate general in the American Civil War, b. near Abingdon, Va. He practiced law at Abingdon and Columbia, S.C., but made his fortune operating a Louisiana sugar p...

Millar, John

(Encyclopedia)Millar, John, 1735–1801, Scottish philosopher and historian. Millar studied at Glasgow, where he became the chief disciple of Adam Smith. In 1761 Millar became professor of civil law at Glasgow, and...

Say, Jean Baptiste

(Encyclopedia)Say, Jean Baptiste zhäN bätēstˈ sā [key], 1767–1832, French economist. In A Treatise on Political Economy (1803, tr. from the 4th ed. 1821) he effectively reorganized and popularized the theori...

Quesnay, François

(Encyclopedia)Quesnay, François fräNswäˈ kĕnāˈ [key], 1694–1774, French economist, founder of the physiocratic school. A physician to Louis XV, he did not begin his economic studies until 1756, when he wro...

Dollard des Ormeaux, Adam

(Encyclopedia)Dollard des Ormeaux, Adam ädäNˈ dôlärˈ dāzôrmōˈ [key], 1635–1660, garrison commander of the fort at Ville-Marie (Montreal), b. France. He probably went to Canada in 1658. In the spring of ...

Hergenröther, Joseph Adam Gustav

(Encyclopedia)Hergenröther, Joseph Adam Gustav yōˈzĕf äˈdäm go͝osˈtäf hĕrˈgənrötər [key], 1824–90, German theologian and scholar, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was a professor at Munich...

Krusenstern, Adam Johann von

(Encyclopedia)Krusenstern, Adam Johann von äˈdäm yōˈhän fən kro͞oˈzənshtĕrn [key], 1770–1846, Russian navigator. From 1803 to 1806 he circumnavigated the globe. Although the voyage was undertaken to st...

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