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toxin

(Encyclopedia)toxin, poison produced by living organisms. Toxins are classified as either exotoxins or endotoxins. Exotoxins are a diverse group of soluble proteins released into the surrounding tissue by living ba...

Raglan, Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron

(Encyclopedia)Raglan, Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron, 1788–1855, British general. He entered the army in 1804 and was made (1814) a lieutenant colonel for his services on the duke of Wellington's staff i...

Netter, Frank Henry

(Encyclopedia)Netter, Frank Henry, 1906–1991, American physician and medical illustrator, b. Brooklyn, N.Y. He attended City College as well as the National Academy of Design and Art Students League and became a ...

valine

(Encyclopedia)CE5 valine vălˈēn [key], organic compound, one of the 22 α-amino acids commonly found in animal proteins. Only the l-stereoisomer appears in mammalian protein. It is one of several essential am...

Cayenne

(Encyclopedia)Cayenne kīĕnˈ, kāĕnˈ [key], city and district (2021 est. pop. 61,550), capital of French Guiana, on Cayenne isl...

Venter, Craig

(Encyclopedia)Venter, Craig (John Craig Venter), 1946–, American biotechnologist and pioneering genome mapper, b. Salt Lake City, grad. Univ. of California, San Diego (B.A. 1972, Ph.D. 1975). Joining the National...

Black, Sir James Whyte

(Encyclopedia)Black, Sir James Whyte, 1924–2010, Scottish pharmacologist, M.B., Ch.B. Univ. of St. Andrews, 1946. A drug researcher, he held a series of posts with universities and drug companies before serving a...

Bleuler, Eugen

(Encyclopedia)Bleuler, Eugen oiˈgən bloiˈ lər [key], 1857–1939, Swiss psychiatrist. He taught (1898–1927) at the Univ. of Zürich, serving concurrently as director of Zürich's Burghölzi Asylum. Bleuler is...

meninges

(Encyclopedia)CE5 Meninges: Section of spine showing meningeal layers meninges mĭnĭnˈjēz [key], three membranous layers of connective tissue that envelop the brain and spinal cord (see nervous system). The ...

meditation

(Encyclopedia)meditation, religious discipline in which the mind is focused on a single point of reference. It may be a means of invoking divine grace, as in the contemplation by Christian mystics of a spiritual th...