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Chevreuse, Marie de Rohan-Montbazon, duchesse de

(Encyclopedia)Chevreuse, Marie de Rohan-Montbazon, duchesse de märēˈ də rōäNˈ-môNbäzôNˈ düshĕsˈ də shəvrözˈ [key], 1600–1679, French beauty and politician, an intimate of the French queen, Anne ...

Chippendale, Thomas

(Encyclopedia)Chippendale, Thomas chĭpˈəndālˌ [key], 1718–79, celebrated English cabinetmaker. His designs were so widely followed that a whole general category of 18th-century English furniture is commonly ...

Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 3d duke of

(Encyclopedia)Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 3d duke of, 1682–1761, Scottish nobleman; brother of the 2d duke. As lord high treasurer of Scotland (1705) and a commissioner for the union (1706), he helped negotiate t...

Leven, Loch

(Encyclopedia)Leven, Loch lŏkh lēˈvən [key], lake, 31⁄2 mi (5.6 km) long, Perth and Kinross, E Scotland. Its several islands include Castle Island, with the ruins of the castle in which Mary Queen of Scots wa...

Edward the Elder

(Encyclopedia)Edward the Elder, d. 924, king of Wessex (899–924), son and successor of Alfred. He fought with his father against the Danes. At Alfred's death (899) Edward's succession was disputed by his cousin �...

Osborne House

(Encyclopedia)Osborne House, a favorite residence of Queen Victoria, near East Cowes, on the Isle of Wight, S England. The queen died there in 1901. The state apartments are open to the public. ...

Walsingham, Sir Francis

(Encyclopedia)Walsingham, Sir Francis wôlˈsĭng-əm [key], 1532?–1590, English statesman. A zealous Protestant, he went abroad during the reign of Queen Mary I but returned on the accession (1558) of Elizabeth ...

Grey, Lady Jane

(Encyclopedia)Grey, Lady Jane, 1537–54, queen of England for nine days. She was the daughter of Henry Grey, marquess of Dorset (later duke of Suffolk), and Frances Brandon, daughter of Henry VIII's sister Mary. S...

Penal Laws

(Encyclopedia)Penal Laws, in English and Irish history, term generally applied to the body of discriminatory and oppressive legislation directed chiefly against Roman Catholics but also against Protestant nonconfor...

Huntingtower

(Encyclopedia)Huntingtower or Ruthven Castle rĭvˈən [key], Perth and Kinross, E central Scotland, near Perth. James VI (later James I of England) was held in the castle by the earl of Gowrie in the “raid of Ru...