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Daun, Leopold Joseph Maria, Graf von

(Encyclopedia)Daun, Leopold Joseph Maria, Graf von lāˈōpôlt yōˈzĕf märēˈä gräf fən doun [key], 1705–66, Austrian field marshal. He gained distinction in the War of the Austrian Succession. Daun later...

Grasse, François Joseph Paul, comte de

(Encyclopedia)Grasse, François Joseph Paul, comte de fräNswäˈ zhôzĕfˈ pōl kôNt də gräs [key], 1722–88, French admiral. In 1781, in command of a French fleet sent to cooperate with the Continental force...

Orléans, Louis Philippe Joseph, duc d'

(Encyclopedia)Orléans, Louis Philippe Joseph, duc d' āgälētāˈ [key], 1747–93, French revolutionist; great-grandson of Philippe II, duc d'Orléans (see Orléans, family) and great-great-great-grandson of Kin...

Lister, Joseph Lister, 1st Baron

(Encyclopedia)Lister, Joseph Lister, 1st Baron, 1827–1912, English surgeon, educated at University College, London. He brought to surgery the principle of antisepsis, an outgrowth of Pasteur's theory that bacteri...

Céloron de Blainville, Pierre Joseph de

(Encyclopedia)Céloron de Blainville, Pierre Joseph de pyĕr zhôzĕfˈ də sālərôNˈ də blăNvēlˈ [key], 1693–1759, French Canadian soldier, b. Montreal. He was commandant at Michilimackinac (1734–42), D...

Walewski, Alexandre Florian Joseph Colonna, Comte

(Encyclopedia)Walewski, Alexandre Florian Joseph Colonna, Comte älĕksäNˈdrə flôryäNˈ zhôzĕfˈ kôlônäˈ kôNt välĕfskēˈ [key], 1810–68, French diplomat, b. Poland; illegitimate son of Maria Walews...

Radetzky, Joseph, Graf Radetzky de Radetz

(Encyclopedia)Radetzky or Radetzki, Joseph, Graf Radetzky de Radetz yōˈzĕf rädĕtˈskē gräf rädĕtˈskē də räˈdĕts [key], 1766–1858, Austrian field marshal. In the war of 1848–49 against Sardinia (s...

Maria I

(Encyclopedia)Maria I, 1734–1816, queen of Portugal (1777–1816), daughter of Joseph I. She was married (1760) to her uncle, who assumed joint rule with her as Peter III. Neither of them was much interested in a...

Esterházy

(Encyclopedia)Esterházy ĕsˈtĕrhäˌzē [key], princely Hungarian family. Paul, Fürst Esterházy von Galantha, 1635–1713, was elected palatine (regent) of Hungary in 1681 and distinguished himself in the defe...

Ivan VI

(Encyclopedia)Ivan VI, 1740–64, czar of Russia (1740–41), great-grandson of Ivan V. He was the son of Prince Anthony Ulric of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and of Anna Leopoldovna. An infant, he succeeded his great-a...