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Berchtold, Leopold, Graf von

(Encyclopedia)Berchtold, Leopold, Graf von lāˈōpôlt gräf fən bĕrkhˈtôlt [key], 1863–1942, Austro-Hungarian foreign minister (1912–15). During the Balkan Wars he successfully worked for the creation of ...

Wrangel, Friedrich Heinrich Ernst, Graf von

(Encyclopedia)Wrangel, Friedrich Heinrich Ernst, Graf von frēˈdrĭkh hīnˈrĭkh ĕrnst gräf fən vrängˈəl [key], 1784–1877, Prussian field marshal. He fought in the Napoleonic Wars. In 1848 he commanded th...

Neerwinden

(Encyclopedia)Neerwinden nārvĭnˈdən [key], village, Liège prov., E Belgium. In the War of the Grand Alliance the French under Marshal Luxembourg defeated (1693) William III of England there. In the French Revo...

recoilless rifle

(Encyclopedia)recoilless rifle, light artillery piece, without recoil, usually operated by two men. An American invention, it was used as an infantry weapon for attacking fortifications such as pillboxes and bunker...

Mustafa III

(Encyclopedia)Mustafa III, 1717–73, Ottoman sultan (1757–73), son of Ahmed III. He succeeded his cousin Osman III to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). The chief event of his reign was the war of 1768�...

Zama

(Encyclopedia)Zama zāˈmə [key], ancient town near the northern coast of Africa, in present Tunisia. Although there was more than one town named Zama, tradition says that in 202 b.c. Scipio Africanus Major defeat...

Jünger, Ernst

(Encyclopedia)Jünger, Ernst ĕrnst yüngˈər [key], 1895–1998, German writer. Jünger's early war novels were based on arduous army experience. Strongly influenced by Nietzsche, they glorified war and its sacri...

Masinissa

(Encyclopedia)Masinissa or Massinissa both: măsĭnĭsˈə [key], c.238–148 b.c., king of Numidia. He succeeded (c.207 b.c.) his father as king of E Numidia. Brought up in Carthage, he fought in a Carthaginian ca...

Ishiguro, Kazuo

(Encyclopedia)Ishiguro, Kazuo, 1954–, English novelist, b. Nagasaki. His family left Japan in 1960 and immigrated to England, where he attended the universities of Kent (B.A., 1978) and East Anglia (M.A., 1980). ...

Dix, Otto

(Encyclopedia)Dix, Otto, 1891–1969, German painter and draftsman. Dix fought in World War I and returned to Düsseldorf haunted by the horrors he had witnessed. In 1924 he published War, a series of 50 etchings, ...