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Börne, Karl Ludwig

(Encyclopedia)Börne, Karl Ludwig lo͝otˈvĭkh börˈnə [key], 1786–1837, German journalist, of Jewish origin. His original name was Löb Baruch. He studied medicine and political science and held office in Fra...

Jeremiah, book of the Bible

(Encyclopedia)Jeremiah a book of the Bible, comprising a collection of prophetic oracles attributed to Jeremiah, a prophet who preached (c.628–586 b.c.) in Jerusalem under King Josiah and his successors. His mess...

excommunication

(Encyclopedia)excommunication, formal expulsion from a religious body, the most grave of all ecclesiastical censures. Where religious and social communities are nearly identical it is attended by social ostracism, ...

Shalim, Land of

(Encyclopedia)Shalim, Land of shāˈlĭm [key], in 1 Samuel, unidentified region, perhaps N of Jerusalem. ...

Johnson, Samuel, American clergyman, educator, and philosopher

(Encyclopedia)Johnson, Samuel, 1696–1772, American clergyman, educator, and philosopher, b. Guilford, Conn., grad. Collegiate School (now Yale), 1714; father of William Samuel Johnson. He became a Congregationali...

Markowitz, Harry Max

(Encyclopedia)Markowitz, Harry Max märˈkəwĭtsˌ [key], 1927–, American economist, Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1954. In the 1950s he developed a theory of “portfolio choice,” which allows investors to analyze ...

Weaver, Robert Clifton

(Encyclopedia)Weaver, Robert Clifton, 1907–97, U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (1966–68), b. Washington, D.C., grad. Harvard (B.S., 1929; M.A., 1931; Ph.D., 1934). An African American, he was su...

Apocrypha

(Encyclopedia)Apocrypha əpŏkˈrĭfə [key] [Gr.,=hidden things], term signifying a collection of early Jewish writings excluded from the canon of the Hebrew scriptures. It is not clear why the term was chosen. Th...

Eznite

(Encyclopedia)Eznite ĕzˈnīt [key], ostensibly an epithet of Adino (one of David's men) in Second Samuel. The name with its qualifier is translated in the parallel passage in First Chronicles as “he lifted up h...

Shammah

(Encyclopedia)Shammah shămˈə [key], in the Bible. 1 Jesse's third son. Alternate forms are Shimea, Shimeah, and Shimma. 2 Duke of Edom, grandson of Esau. 3 In the confusing list of David's mighty men in the Book...