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Brühl, Heinrich, Graf von

(Encyclopedia)Brühl, Heinrich, Graf von hīnˈrĭkh gräfˈ fən brül [key], 1700–1763, Saxon statesman. He was adviser to Augustus II, king of Poland and elector of Saxony, and gained control of both governmen...

Caprivi, Leo, Graf von

(Encyclopedia)Caprivi, Leo, Graf von lāˈō gräf fən käprēˈvē [key], 1831–99, German chancellor, whose full name was Georg Leo, Graf von Caprivi de Caprara de Montecuculi. A former army officer and head of...

Bellingshausen, Fabian Gottlieb von

(Encyclopedia)Bellingshausen, Fabian Gottlieb von fäbˈēən gôtˈlēp fôn bĕlˈĭngzhouˌzən [key], 1778–1852, Russian explorer, b. Sarema, Estonia. A graduate of the naval academy at Kronstadt, he commande...

Blücher, Gebhard Leberecht von

(Encyclopedia)Blücher, Gebhard Leberecht von gĕpˈhärt lāˈbərĕkht fən blüˈkhər [key], 1742–1819, Prussian field marshal, an outstanding military opponent of Napoleon I. An officer in the army of King F...

Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von

(Encyclopedia)Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von tāˈōbält fən bātˈmän-hôlˈvāk [key], 1856–1921, German chancellor. A career civil servant, he became minister of the interior (1905) and secretary of state (...

Werner, Anton Alexander von

(Encyclopedia)Werner, Anton Alexander von änˈtôn älĕksänˈdər fən vĕrˈnər [key], 1843–1915, German historical painter, portraitist, and illustrator. He was director (1875–1915) of the Berlin Academy....

Schoenberg, Arnold

(Encyclopedia)Schoenberg, Arnold ärˈnôlt shönˈbĕrkh [key], 1874–1951, Austrian composer, b. Vienna. Before he became a U.S. citizen in 1941 he spelled his name Schönberg. He revolutionized modern music by ...

Mannes, David

(Encyclopedia)Mannes, David mănˈĭs [key], 1866–1959, American violinist, conductor, and educator, b. New York City. Mannes was violinist in the New York Symphony Orchestra from 1891 and its concertmaster from ...

Elman, Mischa

(Encyclopedia)Elman, Mischa mĭshˈə ĕlˈmən [key], 1891–1967, Russian-American violinist, b. Kiev. He studied in St. Petersburg with Leopold Auer, and first gained prominence in Berlin at the age of 13. After...

minnesinger

(Encyclopedia)minnesinger mĭnˈĭsĭngˌər [key], a medieval German knight, poet, and singer of Minne, or courtly love. Originally imitators of Provençal troubadours, minnesingers developed their own style in th...

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