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Arista, Mariano

(Encyclopedia)Arista, Mariano märyäˈnō ärēˈstä [key], 1802–55, Mexican general and president (1851–53). A royalist in the revolt against Spain, he later joined Agustín de Iturbide. He fought in the Mex...

rum

(Encyclopedia)rum, spirituous liquor made from fermented sugarcane products. Prepared by fermentation, distillation, and aging, it is made from the molasses and foam that rise to the top of boiled sugarcane juice. ...

Portillo y Pacheco, José López

(Encyclopedia)Portillo y Pacheco, José López, 1920–, president of Mexico (1976–82). He held various government posts before becoming minister of finance in 1971. As president, he greatly expanded the Mexican ...

La Ceppède, Jean de

(Encyclopedia)La Ceppède, Jean de zhäN də lä sĕpĕdˈ [key], 1550–1622, French poet and magistrate. In 1608 he was appointed president of the Court of the Exchequer of Provence. After centuries of oblivion, ...

Elizabeth Farnese

(Encyclopedia)Elizabeth Farnese färnāˈsā [key], 1692–1766, queen of Spain, second consort of Philip V; niece of Antonio Farnese, duke of Parma. Soon after her marriage (1714), arranged by Cardinal Alberoni an...

Almeida, Antonio José de

(Encyclopedia)Almeida, Antonio José de äNtôˈnyo͝o zho͝ozĕˈ dĭ älmāˈdə [key], 1866–1929, Portuguese statesman. A republican, he was minister of the interior in the provisional government after the ove...

Isabella II

(Encyclopedia)Isabella II, 1830–1904, queen of Spain (1833–68), daughter of Ferdinand VII and of Maria Christina. Her uncle, Don Carlos, contested her succession under the Salic law, and thus the Carlist Wars b...

San Martín, José de

(Encyclopedia)San Martín, José de hōsāˈ ᵺā sän märtēnˈ [key], 1778–1850, South American revolutionist, b. Yapeyú, in present-day Argentina. After service with the Spanish army in Europe, he returned ...

Carmona, António Oscar de Fragoso

(Encyclopedia)Carmona, António Oscar de Fragoso əntôˈnyō əshkärˈ dĭ frəgôˈso͝o kərmôˈnə [key], 1869–1951, Portuguese general. One of the leaders of the military coup that overthrew the democratic...

Rojas Pinilla, Gustavo

(Encyclopedia)Rojas Pinilla, Gustavo go͞ostäˈvō rōˈhäs pēnēˈyä [key], 1900–1975, president of Colombia (1953–57). As head of the armed forces he led the coup that ousted President Laureano Gómez in ...