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sanction

(Encyclopedia)sanction, in law and ethics, any inducement to individuals or groups to follow or refrain from following a particular course of conduct. All societies impose sanctions on their members in order to enc...

Lemass, Seán Francis

(Encyclopedia)Lemass, Seán Francis, 1899–1971, Irish political leader, b. John Francis Lemass. He fought in the 1916 Easter Rising, the Irish war of independence, and the Irish civil war. A founding member of Fi...

Morris, Richard Brandon

(Encyclopedia)Morris, Richard Brandon, 1904–89, American historian, b. New York City. He received his Ph.D. from Columbia in 1930, taught (1927–49) at the College of the City of New York, became a professor at ...

Moab

(Encyclopedia)Moab mōˈăb [key], ancient nation located in the uplands E of the Dead Sea, now part of Jordan. The area is unprotected from the east, hence its history is a chain of raids by the Bedouin. The Moabi...

Mohammed, W. Deen

(Encyclopedia)Mohammed, W. Deen (Warith Deen Mohammed), 1933–2008, American Muslim leader, b. Detroit as Wallace Dean Muhammad. The son of Nation of Islam (Black Muslim) leader Elijah Muhammad, he attended religi...

Hart, Albert Bushnell

(Encyclopedia)Hart, Albert Bushnell, 1854–1943, American historian, b. Clarksville, Greene co., Pa. He began teaching history at Harvard in 1883, became a full professor in 1897, and from 1910 until his retiremen...

Holm, Jeanne Marjorie

(Encyclopedia)Holm, Jeanne Marjorie, 1921–2010, U.S. military officer, the first female general in the U.S. air force, b. Portland, Oreg. Enlisting in the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps in 1942, she soon joined (19...

Harjo, Joy

(Encyclopedia)Harjo, Joy, 1951–, Native American poet and activist, b. Tulsa, Okla., B.A. Univ. of New Mexico, 1976, M.F.A. Univ. of Iowa, 1978. Her poems are collected in The Last Song (1975), She Had Some Horse...

Gipson, Lawrence Henry

(Encyclopedia)Gipson, Lawrence Henry gĭpˈsən [key], 1880–1971, American historian, b. Greeley, Colo. A Rhodes scholar, he received his Ph.D. from Yale in 1918 and taught at several schools before becoming (192...

García Moreno, Gabriel

(Encyclopedia)García Moreno, Gabriel gäbrēĕlˈ gärsēˈä mōrāˈnō [key], 1821–75, president of Ecuador (1861–65, 1869–75), b. Guayaquil. A conservative with deep religious convictions, he gradually c...