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Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph

(Encyclopedia)Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph gāˈôrkh krĭsˈtôf lĭkhˈtənbĕrk [key], 1742–99, German physicist and satirist. He taught at the Univ. of Göttingen, where his special field was electricity. Lic...

Gottsched, Johann Christoph

(Encyclopedia)Gottsched, Johann Christoph yōˈhän krĭsˈtôf gôtˈshĕt [key], 1700–1766, German literary critic, disciple of the Enlightenment. As professor of poetry and philosophy at the Univ. of Leipzig, ...

Dahlmann, Friedrich Christoph

(Encyclopedia)Dahlmann, Friedrich Christoph frēˈdrĭkh krĭsˈtôf dälˈmän [key], 1785–1860, German historian. He was dismissed from his professorship at Göttingen for protesting (1837) the abrogation of th...

Eucken, Rudolf Christoph

(Encyclopedia)Eucken, Rudolf Christoph ro͞oˈdôlf krĭsˈtôf oikˈən [key], 1846–1926, German philosopher, studied at Göttingen and Berlin. He taught philosophy at Basel and became professor of philosophy at...

Burckhardt, Jacob Christoph

(Encyclopedia)Burckhardt, Jacob or Jakob Christoph yäˈkôp krĭsˈtôf bo͝orkˈhärt [key], 1818–97, Swiss historian, one of the founders of the cultural interpretation of history. He studied under Ranke at th...

Wieland, Christoph Martin

(Encyclopedia)Wieland, Christoph Martin krĭsˈtôf märˈtĭn vēˈlänt [key], 1733–1813, German poet and novelist. His style, typical of the German rococo, is elegant, satiric, and often playful. He borrowed s...

Grillparzer, Franz

(Encyclopedia)Grillparzer, Franz fränts grĭlˈpärtsər [key], 1791–1872, Austrian dramatist. His work combines German classicism and exuberant lyricism. Considered Austria's greatest playwright, he wrote Der T...

Cleveland Orchestra

(Encyclopedia)Cleveland Orchestra, one of the foremost orchestras in the United States. It gave its first performance in 1918 under Nikolai Sokoloff, who was conductor until 1933. In 1931, the orchestra moved from ...

Buys Ballot, Christoph Heinrich Diedrich

(Encyclopedia)Buys Ballot, Christoph Heinrich Diedrich krĭsˈtôf hīnˈrĭkh dēdˈrĭkh boisˈ bälōˈ [key], 1817–90, Dutch meteorologist. Director of the Dutch Royal Meteorological Institute after 1854, he ...