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Izetbegović, Alija

(Encyclopedia)Izetbegović, Alija, 1925–2003, Bosnian political leader. As a Muslim nationalist in what was then part of Communist Yugoslavia, he served time in prison (1946–49, 1983–88). After helping to fou...

Kirshon, Vladimir Mikhailovich

(Encyclopedia)Kirshon, Vladimir Mikhailovich vlədyēˈmĭr mēkhīˈləvĭch kērshônˈ [key], 1902–38, Russian dramatist. He began his career with Red Dust (1927, tr. 1930), a play showing the degeneration of ...

perestroika

(Encyclopedia)perestroika pərˈĕstroyˈkə [key], Soviet economic and social policy of the late 1980s. Perestroika [restructuring] was the term attached to the attempts (1985–91) by Mikhail Gorbachev to transfo...

Le Duc Tho

(Encyclopedia)Le Duc Tho fän dĭn kī [key], 1911–90, Vietnamese political leader. A Vietnamese nationalist and one of the founders (1930) of the Indochinese Communist party, he opposed the French colonial regim...

Nagy, Imre

(Encyclopedia)Nagy, Imre ĭmˈrĕ nôj, nŏdˈyə [key], 1896–1958, Hungarian Communist leader. Nagy was a symbol of the 1956 Hungarian revolt against the Soviet Union. As an agricultural expert he held several g...

Mrożek, Sławomir

(Encyclopedia)Mrożek, Sławomir slävôˈmēr mərôˈzhĕk [key], 1930–2013, Polish dramatist and short-story writer. While working as a journalist and cartoonist for a Kraków newspaper, Mrożek began to write...

Kundera, Milan

(Encyclopedia)Kundera, Milan mĭlˈän ko͝ondĕrˈə [key], 1929–2023, Czechslovakian-born novel...

Negrín, Juan

(Encyclopedia)Negrín, Juan hwän nāgrēnˈ [key], 1891–1956, Spanish statesman. A professor of physiology at the Univ. of Madrid, he was active in the Socialist party and was elected to the Cortes in 1931. Afte...

Deutscher, Isaac

(Encyclopedia)Deutscher, Isaac doiˈchər [key], 1907–67, English writer, b. Poland. Editor (1926–32) of the Communist press in Poland, he was expelled from the party for his anti-Stalinist views. During World ...

Rakovsky, Christian Georgyevich

(Encyclopedia)Rakovsky, Christian Georgyevich khrĭstyänˈ gēyŏrˈgyĭvĭch rəkôfˈskē [key], 1873–1938, Soviet Communist diplomat. His early revolutionary activities extended from his native Bulgaria throu...